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Tiếng Anh ôn thi ĐH - CĐ 2014 - 2015

conan_sea

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Chào mọi người!

Theo như quyết định mới nhất của Bộ giáo dục thì tất cả các học sinh 12 sẽ phải thi môn tiếng Anh bắt buộc với mức độ đề thi ĐH - CĐ. Với những bạn không học khối chuyên Anh thì điểm tiếng Anh chỉ cần đạt đến một mức nào đó theo yêu cầu chứ không cần cao. Nhưng để có thể lấy điểm của đề thi ĐH - CĐ môn tiếng Anh cũng không phải là một việc dễ dàng nếu các bạn đã bỏ bẵng môn TA một thời gian dài, nhất là sau khi thấy khoá trước được đăng ký TA tự chọn. Vì vậy, mình mở chủ đề này để giúp các bạn ôn lại kiến thức TA một cách cơ bản, dễ hiểu nhất. Đi kèm với phần lý thuyết sẽ là phần bài tập vận dụng kèm đáp án chi tiết. Nếu bạn nào còn chưa hiểu hoặc có thắc mắc gì thì có thể để lại ở đây để chúng ta cùng đi tìm câu trả lời.

BÀI SẼ ĐƯỢC ĐƯA LÊN HÀNG NGÀY. ĐÁP ÁN VÀ CHỦ ĐỀ MỚI ĐƯỢC CẬP NHẬT TRONG VÒNG 24H. CÁC BẠN MUỐN DOWN BÀI VỀ THÌ DOWN THEO CÁC CHỦ ĐỀ ĐƯỢC ĐƯA LÊN HÀNG NGÀY.


[A]
PHẦN 1: TENSE
[/A]

A. Tenses:
1. The simple present tense: (Thì hiện tại đơn/thường)
#Đối với động từ "to be":
ở thì hiện tại đơn, động từ "to be" được chia làm 3 hình thức là am, is, are. Trong đó:
am: chỉ dùng với chủ ngữ là "I"
is: dùng với chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít (He, She, It, 1 người/1 vật, danh từ không đếm được).
are: dùng cho các chủ ngữ còn lại (We, You, They, 2 người/2 vật trở lên).

Cấu trúc:
Câu khẳng định (+): S + am/is/are......
Câu phủ định (-): S + am/is/are + not......
Câu nghi vấn (?): (Từ hỏi) + am/is/are + S + ........
Đối với động từ thường:
(+): S + V(s/es) + ......
(-): S + do/does + not + V(nguyên thể).......
(?): (Từ hỏi) + do/does + S + V(nguyên thể).......

Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Các trạng từ thường gặp): always, usually, often, sometimes, everyday/week/night…, seldom, rarely…
Diễn tả một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra, thói quen ở hiện tại, một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý...

2. The present continuous tense: (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + am / is / are + V-ing
Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present, right now.
Diễn ta một sự việc đang diễn ra ngay trong lúc nói hoặc một sự việc xảy ra trong một thời gian ngắn xung quanh lúc nói.
Cấu trúc be + going to + V diễn tả một dự định trong tương lai, có kế hoạch từ trước.

3. The present perfect tense: (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
S + have / has + V pp(ed/3)
Adverbs: just, already, not…yet, never, ever, recently, several/many times, up to now, so far,
For + khoảng thời gian, Since + mốc thời gian…
Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra nhưng không xác định thời gian.
Diễn tả một sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại
Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc nhưng kết quả vẫn còn liên quan đến hiện tại.

4. The simple past tense: (Thì quá khứ đơn)
S + V(ở dạng quá khứ đơn) (Nếu là “to be”: S + was / were)
Adverbs: yesterday, last, ago, in (2005).
Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.

5. The past continuous tense: (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
S + was / were + V -ing
Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ ( at 7:00 last night)
Diễn tả 2 sự việc đang xảy ra song song trong quá khứ hoặc một sự việc đang xảy ra thì có một sự việc khác xen vào (Thường gặp các liên từ: when, while, as)

6. The past perfect tense : (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
clip_image001.png
S + had + Vpp
Diễn tả một hoạt động xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một sự việc khác cũng ở trong quá khứ.
Thường được dùng cùng thì quá khứ đơn (trong các câu có liên từ: before, after, until)

7. The simple future tense: (Thì tương lai đơn)
S + will / shall + V(bare)
Adverbs: tomorrow, in the future, next…, in six days (trong 6 ngày tới)

8. The present perfect continuous : (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
S + have / has + been + V-ing
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra tỏng quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại( wait, sleep, study….)
Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours/ since 3 o’clock

9. The future continuous: (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn).
S + will + be + V-ing
Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai hoặc xảy ra song song với một sự việc khác trong tương lai..
Ex: This time next week we will be lying on the beach

10. The future perfect: (Thì tương lai hoàn thành).
S + will + have + Vpp
Diễn tả một sự việc hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong tương lai.
Ex : We will have left school before this July


| The adverbial clauses of time: (mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian):
Là mệnh đề bắt đầ bằng các liên từ: when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since….
Sự phối hợp về thì trong câu có mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
Main clause Adverbial clause of time
1. Present tenses ( hiện tại) à present tenses
2. Past tenses (quá khứ) à past tenses
3. Future tenses (tương lai) à present tenses

¬ Notes :
ª Không dùng thì tương lai ( will/shall ) trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
ª Đối với liên từ “since”: S + has/have +Ved/3 since S + Ved/2.
ª Cả 2 hành động đã xảy ra: S + had +Ved/3 before S + Ved/2
S + Ved/2 after S + had + Ved/3
ª Sau WHILE/AS thường dùng thì tiếp diễn: while/ as S + was/were + V-ing
ª Sau các liên từ không có chủ ngữ, ta dùng Ving: After having finished the exam, I’ll go home.

Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. I -------------- this film twice.
A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen

2. After -------------- her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions.
A. she finishes B. finished C. finishing D. she will finish

3. His father -------------- of cancer last year.
A. will die B. has died C. died D. had died

4. The train -------------- when we got to the station.
A. just left B. just leaves C. has just left D. had just left

5. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she -------------- the fire department.
A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. has telephoned

6. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she -------------- any kind of contest.
A. hasn’t entered B. doesn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered

7. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he -------------- homesick.
A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling

8. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I -------------- to visit friends and family several times.
A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned

9. Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew ---------- on the company annual report.
A. was working B. had been working C. has worked D. works

10. When my parents --------- for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time.
A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrive D. will have arrived

11. The last time I -------------- in Athens, the weather was hot and humid.
A. had been B. was C. am D. will have been

12. After the race --------------, the celebration began
A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won

13. Andy -------------- out of the restaurant when he -------------- Jenny
A. came/saw B. was coming /saw C. came/was seeing D. was coming/had seen

14. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown -------------- a small dint in the rear fender.
A. has discovered B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered

15. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this --------------.
A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened

16. At this time tomorrow, we -------------- our final exam.
A. will have taking B. will be taken C. would take D. will be taking

17. The baby --------------. Don’t make so much noise.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept

18. Peter said he -------------- a test the following day.
A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have

19. It is not so hot today as it -------------- yesterday.
A. is B. was C. would be D. had been

20. -------------- a party next Saturday. We have sent out the invitation.
A. we had B. we have C. we’re having D. we have had

21. I’m very tired. -------------- over four hundred miles to day.
A. I drive B. I’ve driven C. I’m driving D. I’ve been driving

22. I’m busy at the moment . -------------- on the computer.
A. I work B. I’m worked C. I’m working D. I worked

23. Our friends -------------- meet us at the airport tonight.
A. are B. are going to C. go to D. will be to

24. I will tell Anna all the news when -------------- her
A. I’ll see B. I’m going to see C. I see D. I’m seeing

25. Don’t worry, I -------------- here to help you
A. be B. will be C. am going to be D. won’t be

26. When I entered the room, everyone --------------.
A. has been dancing B. was dancing C. had danced D. danced

27. Before the invention of the steamboat, there -------------- no way to cross the ocean.
A. has been B. could have been C. had been D. would be

28. He said that he -------------- his homework since 7 o’clock.
A. had done B. did C. has done D. was doing

29. Tom said everything -------------- ready when the match --------------.
A. will be/starts B. would be/started C. is/started D. will be/started

30. How long -------------- able to drive? - Since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you

31. She won't get married until she -------------- 25 years old.
A. is B. will be C. had been D. was.

32. Look. The yard is wet. It -------------- last night.
A. must rain B. couldn’t have rained C. must have rained D. should have rained

33. After Mary -------------- her degree, she intends to work in her father's company.
A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished

34. When he -------------- all the letters, he took them to the post office.
A. has written B. had written C. wrote D. had been writing

35. By the end of this month, I -------------- English for 6 years.
A. have learnt B. will have learnt C. had learnt D. learnt

36. We -------------- in touch with each other for years.
A. will not keep B. are not keeping C. did not keep D. have not kept

37. She has learnt French -------------- the age of five.
A. since B. for C. before D. in

38. Tom -------------- before we arrived there.
A. has left B. had left C. will leave D. leaves

39. Up to now, I -------------- a lot of information about her.
A. learnt B. have learnt C. will learn D. would learn

40. Wait here until I -------------- you.
A. am going to call B. will call C. am calling D. call

41. When I came to visit her, she -------------- a bath.

A. was having B. has C. is having D. had
Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost ---42----------- the plane. She ---43----------- in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly ----44---------- that she ----45---------- her passport at home. Fortunately, she ---46----------- very far from the airport, so she ----47---------- time to take a taxi at home to get it.
42. A. missed B. was missing C. had missed D. had been missing
43. A. stood B. had stood C. was standing D. had been standing
44. A. was realizing B. realized C. had realized D. would realize
45. A. was leaving B. left C. had left D. would leave
46. A. hadn’t lived B. doesn’t live C. didn’t live D. hasn’t lived
47. A. had B. had had C. has D. has had
48. It is an hour since he --------------, so he should be at office now.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving

B. Cách chuyển cách diễn đạt từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang thì quá khứ đơn và ngược lại:
Notes: a. It + be + time + since + simple past
b. It is the first/ second/ third …… time + present perfect
c. The last time + simple past
d. Present perfect + since + simple past

­ Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1. The last time she had a swim was ten years ago.
-> She hasn’t ……

2. I have never met such a famous person before.
-> It is ………

3. I last saw him when I was a student.
-> I haven’t ……

4. I haven’t come there for two years.
-> I last ………

5. I have studied English for seven years.
-> I started …………
­
Exercise
: Choose the best answer:
1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before.
A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen.
B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen.
C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures.
D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures.

2. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill.
A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill.
C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come.

3. Mary has been working in this company for five years.
A. Mary began to work in this company for five years.
B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago.
C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago.
D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago.

4. I have never eaten this kind of food before.
A. I used to eat this kind of food before.
B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food.
C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food.
D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.

5. She last saw him years ago.
A. She hasn’t seen him years ago B. She hasn’t seen him for years ago.
C. She didn’t see him for years . D. It’s years since she last saw him.

6. It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film.
A. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before.
C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago. D. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time.

7. He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week.
A. It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette.
C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette.

8. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining.
A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock.
C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock.

9. They had finished their tea and then they left.
A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea.
C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left.

10. John began playing the piano 10 years ago.
A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years.
C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn’t play the piano anymore.

SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ
(THE AGREEMENT OF A VERB WITH ITS SUBJECT)

[1] : Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít đựơc nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi một động từ số nhiều
- The boy and the girl love their parents dearly.
- Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
Tuy nhieân, neáu hai chöû töø naøy dieãn taû moät ngöôøi, moät vaät hay moät yù töôûng chung thì ñoäng töø vaãn ôû soá ít.
- Bread and butter is my daily breakfast.
- To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life.

[2] : Hai chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng AND mà trước chủ ngữ đầu có EACH, EVERY, MANY A, NO thì động từ phải được chia ở số ít.
- Each boy and girl has a textbook.
- No teacher and student is present.

[3] : Khi hai chủ ngữ được nối bởi OR,NOR, BUT, NOT ONLY… BUT…. ALSO ,EITHER… OR, NEITHER…NOR…thì động từ hoà hợp cùng với chủ ngữ gần nó nhất
- He or you are the best student in this class.
- Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that.

[4] : Khi hai chủ ngữ được nối bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH thì động từ phải được chia theo chủ ngữ đầu tiên.
- John, as well as you, is responsible for this act.
- Tom, with his friends, is in the car.

[5] : Một danh từ tập hợp ( collective noun ) cần 1 động từ số nhiều khi ta ngụ ý nói tới từng cá nhân tạo nên tập hợp ấy,nhưng động từ vẫn là số ít nếu ta ngụ ý nói chung chung coi cả tập hợp như một đơn vị
- The family of this dead soldier is noble.
- The family go to the movies every Sunday morning.
Các từ thường gặp như: jury, commitee, crowd, team, group, majoriry
Lưu ý trường hợp: The number of + Danh từ số nhiều + động từ số ít
A number of + Danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều

[6] : Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ có hình thức là số nhiều nhưng nghĩa lại là số ít thì động từ được chia theo số ít.
- No news is good news.
- Physics is more difficult than chemistry.
các danh từ th ường gặp như : news, physics, mathematics, politics, gymnastics, phonetics, measles, mumps, rickets, the United States, the Philippines, billards, dominoes…

[7] : Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ trọng lượng, đo lường, giá tiền thì được coi là số ít, đi theo sau cũng là động từ chia ở số ít.
- Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money.
- Five hundred miles is a long distance.

[8] : Khi chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định như : everyone, something, nobody,anything, any body, every thing, no one…thì động từ theo sau phải ở số ít
- Nobody has opened the door.
- Is everyone present ?
Lưu ý : 1) Khi “ each” theo sau chủ ngữ thì each không còn ảnh hưởng tới động từ nữa. Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ số nhiều thì động từ chia ở số nhiều , chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ số ít
- Big cities each have their own special problem
2) Các đại từ both, several, few,many, others đòi hỏi động từ đi theo phải ở hình thức số nhiều
- Both were small
- Many of her books are in English
3) Một số đại từ bất định như: all, any, some, none, có thể đi với số nhiều hay số ít tùy thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa mà danh từ nó thay thế.
- All of the money is reserved for emergencies
-All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system

[9] : Trong câu bắt đầu bằng "THERE" thì động từ phải chia theo danh từ đi sau nó.
- There stands a pagoda facing the little lake.
- There were a lot of people at the meeting.

[10] : Động từ có chủ từ là đại từ quan hệ thì phải hoà hợp cùng ngôi và số với ti ền vị từ của đại từ ấy
- He works for the factory which makes cars.
- The man who is living near my house teaches us English.

[11]: Một số từ như paints, trousers, pliers, scissors, shears (kéo lớn), tongs (caí kẹp), shoes, glasses, gloves là danh từ số nhiều và cần động từ số nhiều đi cùng. Tuy nhiên, khi có từ a pair (of) đi trước các danh từ này đứng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ theo sau là số ít.
- The scissors are very sharp
- A pair of scissors was left on the table.

[12] : Khi chủ ngữ là một phân số , phần trăm, hay các từ như: half, part, plenty và rest thì động từ phụ thuộc và danh từ bổ ngữ cho giới từ đi theo sau phân số hay phần trăm đó
- Sixty percent of his house is painted blue
-Half of their relatives live abroad

[13]: Khi diễn giải các bài toán đơn giản như cộng trừ nhân chia ta cần lưu ý. Khi cộng hay nhân, ta có thể dùng động từ số ít hay số nhiều đều được
-Two and two is/ are four
-Three times three is/ are nine

Nhưng với trừ và chia thì luôn luôn dùng động từ số ít.
- Nine minus four is five hoặc nine minus four leaves five
-Fifteen divided by five is three

[14] Khi chủ ngữ là tựa sách tên các tác phẩm nghệ thuật thì động từ luôn chia ở số ít.
- The Moon and Six Pence is for the Art for Art sake

[15] danh từ riêng có hình thức số nhiề được nhìn nhận như một chỉnh thể chỉ tên ngườ, địa điểm, quốc gia, tổ chức, sách báo...thì dùng động từ số ít.
- The United States is in North America.

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. No news -------------- good news.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been

2. Here -------------- some accounts that you must check.
A. is B. are C. were D. was

3. A lot of homework -------------- me tired.
A. make B. makes C. have made D. are making

4. Not only Mr. Pike but also his sons -------------- tea.
A. likes B. like C. has liked D. liking

5. Mathematics -------------- us with many aspects.
A. helps B. help C. have helped D. helping

6. The United States -------------- of about 160 nations.
A. consists B. consist C. Consisting D. have consisted

7. Coffee contains caffeine, and --------------
A. tea does so B. so tea does C. so does tea D. does tea so

8. Both Tom -------------- Mary are students.
A. and B. nor C. or D. with

9. Plenty of milk -------------- consumed everyday.
A. are B. is C. was D. were

10. Neither you nor I -------------- responsible for the bad result.
A. are B. is C. am D. be

11. Ten thousand dollars -------------- a large sum of money.
A. are B. is C. were D. being

12. I can not speak Spanish. – --------------
A. So can I B. Neither can I C. Either can I D. Neither can’t I

13. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been

14. Working for 12 hours a day -------------- her very tired.
A. make B. makes C. making D. have made

15. The number of the days in a week -------------- seven.
A. is B. was C. are D. were

16. What he told you -------------- to be of no importance.
A. seems B. seem C. is seeming D. has seemed

17. The army -------------- eliminated this section of the training test.
A. has B. have C. are D. is

18. The quality of these recordings -------------- not very good.
A. is B. are C. have D. were

19. -------------- Julia -------------- her sister are going to the party.
A. Both /and B. Neither / nor C. Either /or D. Not only / but also

20. My wife had never been to Hue, and -------------- I.
A. never have B. neither have C. neither had D. neither did

21. Plants and animals in high mountain areas -------- with freezing temperatures, fierce winds, and thin air.
A. live B. they must live C. living D. if they live

22. Tom’ family ------------------ wondering whether there----------- anything that they can do
A. are/ are B. is/ is C. are/ is D. is /are

23. The couple ----------------- in Denver but------------- to Houston for the winters
A. lives/ go B. lives/ goes C. live/ go D. live/ goes

24. Each nation ------------- its own culture, and our nation has----------- own culture, too
A. has/ its B. have/ our C. have/ its D. has/ their

Exercise 2: Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting

1. Although women in this century faces less discrimination than ever before, they still encounter many
obstacles that men do not.
2. Every one have to plan a program that fits into the day’s schedule and that allows for good exercise and
appropriate rest.
3. John is the only one of the hikers who have climbed above fifteen thousand feet.
4. Current research on AIDS, in spite of the best efforts of hundreds of scientists, leave serious questions
unanswered.
5. Neither apple pie nor her faded cat posters nor her neglected guppy collection hold the slightest interest
for Dorothy any more.
6. Today, many scientists disagree over whether the chimpanzee or the bonobo are more human in its
behaviour.
7. Along with statistics, strategy, and intelligence, logistics are one of the four main elements of military
Science

Exercise 3: Choose the incorrect sentence in which the verb disagrees with the subject (Chọn câu chứa lỗi sai của chia động từ):
1. A. The invoice and the purchase order have to be approved by the director.
B. A sandwich and a milk shake were all he wanted for breakfast
C. Faith, hope, and charity represent virtues to most of us
D. Ham and eggs are one of her favorite dishes

2
. A. Neither has brought the music for the duet
B. Where has everybody gone?
C. Every city, town, and hamlet has a Main Street
D. Every boy and girl in the class do volunteer work

3 A. Thirty pounds is a lot to lose in one mouth
B. Nine miles were the length of the race
C. Five hours of waiting has reduced the kidnapper to bundle of nerves
D. Four thousand dollars is the minimum bid for the foreclosed property

4. A. Here are the subjects the president will discuss
B. There are still several oranges in the baskets
C. Here come trouble.
D. There’s no table or chairs to be found anywhere

5. A. Most of the problems have been solved
B. All is ready
C. All was concerned
D. Several have been spotted at the water hole

6. A. Not only the students but also the teacher have signed the petition
B. Not a new machine but new workers are needed for the job
C. Not only the Arab states but also Venezuela has major oil reserved
D. Not only strength but agility is essential in bicycling

7. A. Both of the players were late
B. Many books on the best-seller list have little literacy value
C. Many a prisoner have tried to escape
D. Few of the contestants are here yet

8. A. half of the rent is missing
B. Two-thirds of her house have been painted
C. Forty percent is a big commission
D. Half of the apartments in the building are without heat

9. A. John is one of the chemists who believe that science is an art
B. He is the only one of four candidates who refuse to attend the course
C. David is one of the employees who always work overtime
D. His grandfather is the only one of his relatives who still goes to church

10. A. Either his book or that one contains the information
B. Neither the governor nor his top aids were implicated in the scandal
C. The records or the stereo has to go
D. Neither my roommate nor my sisters plans to move

(Sưu tầm, chỉnh sửa và bổ sung.)

TẢI BẢN WORD TẠI ĐÂY
 
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Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. I -------------- this film twice. (Trong câu chứa những từ chỉ số lần một hành động nào đó xảy ra thường được chia ở hiện tại hoàn thành)
A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen


2. After -------------- her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions. (Động từ đi liền sau các liên từ như after, before, while, when... thì được chia ở Ving)
A. she finishes B. finished C. finishing D. she will finish


3. His father -------------- of cancer last year.
A. will die B. has died C. died D. had died


4. The train -------------- when we got to the station.(hành động đoàn tàu rời đi đã xảy ra trước hành động chúng tôi đến ga)
A. just left B. just leaves C. has just left D. had just left


5. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she -------------- the fire department.(2 hành động xảy ra trong thời gian ngắn, liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ)
A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. has telephoned


6. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she -------------- any kind of contest.
A. hasn’t entered B. doesn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered


7. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he -------------- homesick.
A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling


8. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I -------------- to visit friends and family several times.
A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned


9. Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew ---------- on the company annual report. (2 hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ)
A. was working B. had been working C. has worked D. works


10. When my parents --------- for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time. (mệnh đề chính ở thì tương lai đơn thì mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn)
A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrive D. will have arrived


11. The last time I -------------- in Athens, the weather was hot and humid.
A. had been B. was C. am D. will have been


12. After the race --------------, the celebration began. (Kết hợp giữa thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành. Hành động xảy ra trước chia ở qk hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau chia ở qk đơn)
A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won


13. Andy -------------- out of the restaurant when he -------------- Jenny. (Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào)
A. came/saw B. was coming /saw C. came/was seeing D. was coming/had seen


14. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown -------------- a small dint in the rear fender.
A. has discovered B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered
Tương tự câu 13

15. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this --------------.
A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened


16. At this time tomorrow, we -------------- our final exam. (Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai)
A. will have taking B. will be taken C. would take D. will be taking


17. The baby --------------. Don’t make so much noise.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept


18. Peter said he -------------- a test the following day. (câu ở thì tương lai đơn ở dạng câu gián tiếp, đổi will -> would)
A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have


19. It is not so hot today as it -------------- yesterday.
A. is B. was C. would be D. had been


20. -------------- a party next Saturday. We have sent out the invitation. (Một hành động chắc chắn xảy ra trong tương lai, đã có chuẩn bị từ trước.)
A. we had B. we have C. we’re having D. we have had


21. I’m very tired. -------------- over four hundred miles to day.
A. I drive B. I’ve driven C. I’m driving D. I’ve been driving


22. I’m busy at the moment . -------------- on the computer.
A. I work B. I’m worked C. I’m working D. I worked


23. Our friends -------------- meet us at the airport tonight.
A. are B. are going to C. go to D. will be to


24. I will tell Anna all the news when -------------- her
A. I’ll see B. I’m going to see C. I see D. I’m seeing


25. Don’t worry, I -------------- here to help you
A. be B. will be C. am going to be D. won’t be


26. When I entered the room, everyone --------------.
A. has been dancing B. was dancing C. had danced D. danced


27. Before the invention of the steamboat, there -------------- no way to cross the ocean.
A. has been B. could have been C. had been D. would be


28. He said that he -------------- his homework since 7 o’clock.
A. had done B. did C. has done D. was doing




29. Tom said everything -------------- ready when the match --------------.
A. will be/starts B. would be/started C. is/started D. will be/started


30. How long -------------- able to drive? - Since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you


31. She won't get married until she -------------- 25 years old.
A. is B. will be C. had been D. was.


32. Look. The yard is wet. It -------------- last night.
A. must rain B. couldn’t have rained C. must have rained D. should have rained


33. After Mary -------------- her degree, she intends to work in her father's company.
A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished


34. When he -------------- all the letters, he took them to the post office.
A. has written B. had written C. wrote D. had been writing


35. By the end of this month, I -------------- English for 6 years.
A. have learnt B. will have learnt C. had learnt D. learnt


36. We -------------- in touch with each other for years.
A. will not keep B. are not keeping C. did not keep D. have not kept
(chú ý cấu trúc “keep in touch with sb: giữ liên lạc/liên lạc với sb)


37. She has learnt French -------------- the age of five.
A. since B. for C. before D. in


38. Tom -------------- before we arrived there.
A. has left B. had left C. will leave D. leaves


39. Up to now, I -------------- a lot of information about her.
A. learnt B. have learnt C. will learn D. would learn


40. Wait here until I -------------- you.
A. am going to call B. will call C. am calling D. call


41. When I came to visit her, she -------------- a bath.
A. was having B. has C. is having D. had


Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost ---42----------- the plane. She ---43----------- in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly ----44---------- that she ----45---------- her passport at home. Fortunately, she ---46----------- very far from the airport, so she ----47---------- time to take a taxi at home to get it.
42. A. missed B. was missing C. had missed D. had been missing
43. A. stood B. had stood C. was standing D. had been standing
44. A. was realizing B. realized C. had realized D. would realize
45. A. was leaving B. left C. had left D. would leave
46. A. hadn’t lived B. doesn’t live C. didn’t live D. hasn’t lived
47. A. had B. had had C. has D. has had


48. It is an hour since he --------------, so he should be at office now.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving

Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1. The last time she had a swim was ten years ago.
àShe hasn’t had a swim for ten years.
2. I have never met such a famous person before.
à It is the first time I’ve met a famous person.
3. I last saw him when I was a student.
à I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
4. I haven’t come there for two years.
à I last came there two years ago.
5. I have studied English for seven years.
à I started studying/to study English seven years ago.

Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before.
A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen.
B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen.
C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures.
D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures.


2. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill.
A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill.
C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come.


3. Mary has been working in this company for five years.
A. Mary began to work in this company for five years.
B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago.
C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago.
D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago.


4. I have never eaten this kind of food before.
A. I used to eat this kind of food before.
B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food.
C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food.
D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.


5. She last saw him years ago.
A. She hasn’t seen him years ago B. She hasn’t seen him for years ago.
C. She didn’t see him for years . D. It’s years since she last saw him.


6. It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film.
A. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before.
C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago. D. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time.


7. He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week.
A. It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette.
C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette.


8. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining.
A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock.
C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock.


9. They had finished their tea and then they left.
A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea.
C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left.


10. John began playing the piano 10 years ago.
A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years.
C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn’t play the piano anymore.

SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ
(THE AGREEMENT OF A VERB WITH ITS SUBJECT)

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. No news -------------- good news.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been


2. Here -------------- some accounts that you must check.
A. is B. are C. were D. was


3. A lot of homework -------------- me tired.
A. make B. makes C. have made D. are making


4. Not only Mr. Pike but also his sons -------------- tea.
A. likes B. like C. has liked D. liking


5. Mathematics -------------- us with many aspects.
A. helps B. help C. have helped D. helping


6. The United States -------------- of about 160 nations.
A. consists B. consist C. consisting D. have consisted


7. Coffee contains caffeine, and --------------
A. tea does so B. so tea does C. so does tea D. does tea so


8. Both Tom -------------- Mary are students.
A. and B. nor C. or D. with


9. Plenty of milk -------------- consumed everyday.
A. are B. is C. was D. were


10. Neither you nor I -------------- responsible for the bad result.
A. are B. is C. am D. be


11. Ten thousand dollars -------------- a large sum of money.
A. are B. is C. were D. being


12. I can not speak Spanish. – --------------
A. So can I B. Neither can I C. Either can I D. Neither can’t I


13. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been


14. Working for 12 hours a day -------------- her very tired.
A. make B. makes C. making D. have made


15. The number of the days in a week -------------- seven.
A. is B. was C. are D. were


16. What he told you -------------- to be of no importance.
A. seems B. seem C. is seeming D. has seemed


17. The army -------------- eliminated this section of the training test.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
(The army: quân đội – chỉ chung cả một tổ chức).

18. The quality of these recordings -------------- not very good.
A. is B. are C. have D. were


19. -------------- Julia -------------- her sister are going to the party.
A. Both /and B. Neither / nor C. Either /or D. Not only / but also


20. My wife had never been to Hue, and -------------- I.
A. never have B. neither have C. neither had D. neither did


21. Plants and animals in high mountain areas -------- with freezing temperatures, fierce winds, and thin air.
A. live B. they must live C. living D. if they live


22. Tom’ family ------------------ wondering whether there----------- anything that they can do
A. are/ are B. is/ is C. are/ is D. is /are


23. The couple ----------------- in Denver but------------- to Houston for the winters
A. lives/ go B. lives/ goes C. live/ go D. live/ goes
-A couple + động từ chia ở số ít : A couple is walking on the street
-The couple + động từ chia ở số nhiều: The couple are walking on the street
-A number of động từ chia ở số nhiều (một số những…)
-The number of động từ chia ở số ít. (Số lượng những …)

24. Each nation ------------- its own culture, and our nation has----------- own culture, too
A. has/ its B. have/ our C. have/ its D. has/ their


Exercise 2: Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting
1. Although women in this century faces less discrimination than ever before, they still encounter many
obstacles that men do not.
2. Every one have to plan a program that fits into the day’s schedule and that allows for good exercise and
appropriate rest.
3. John is the only one of the hikers who have climbed above fifteen thousand feet.
4. Current research on AIDS, in spite of the best efforts of hundreds of scientists, leave serious questions
unanswered.
5. Neither apple pie nor her faded cat posters nor her neglected guppy collection hold the slightest interest
for Dorothy any more.
6. Today, many scientists disagree over whether the chimpanzee or the bonobo are more human in its
behaviour.
7. Along with statistics, strategy, and intelligence, logistics are one of the four main elements of military
Science

@Exercise 3: Choose the incorrect sentence in which the verb disagrees with the subject:
1. A. The invoice and the purchase order have to be approved by the director.
B. A sandwich and a milk shake were all he wanted for breakfast
C. Faith, hope, and charity represent virtues to most of us
D. Ham and eggs are one of her favorite dishes

2
. A. Neither has brought the music for the duet
B. Where has everybody gone?
C. Every city, town, and hamlet has a Main Street
D. Every boy and girl in the class do volunteer work

3 A. Thirty pounds is a lot to lose in one mouth
B. Nine miles were the length of the race
C. Five hours of waiting has reduced the kidnapper to bundle of nerves
D. Four thousand dollars is the minimum bid for the foreclosed property


4. A. Here are the subjects the president will discuss
B. There are still several oranges in the baskets
C. Here come trouble.
D. There’s no table or chairs to be found anywhere


5. A. Most of the problems have been solved
B. All is ready
C. All was concerned
D. Several have been spotted at the water hole


6. A. Not only the students but also the teacher have signed the petition
B. Not a new machine but new workers are needed for the job
C. Not only the Arab states but also Venezuela has major oil reserved
D. Not only strength but agility is essential in bicycling


7. A. Both of the players were late
B. Many books on the best-seller list have little literacy value
C. Many a prisoner have tried to escape
D. Few of the contestants are here yet


8. A. half of the rent is missing
B. Two-thirds of her house have been painted
C. Forty percent is a big commission
D. Half of the apartments in the building are without heat


9. A. John is one of the chemists who believe that science is an art
B. He is the only one of four candidates who refuse to attend the course
C. David is one of the employees who always work overtime
D. His grandfather is the only one of his relatives who still goes to church


10. A. Either his book or that one contains the information
B. Neither the governor nor his top aids were implicated in the scandal
C. The records or the stereo has to go
D. Neither my roommate nor my sisters plans to move
 
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conan_sea

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PRONUNCIATION

1. Qui tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘s’, 'es; ə
Đuôi ‘s’, 'es; có 3 cách phát âm /s/, /z/, /iz/
I. ‘s’ được phát âm là /z/ khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh (trừ 3 âm /z/, /ʒ/,/ʤ/)
Ex: bags/bœgz/, kids/kidz/, days/deiz/
Hữu thanh: /b, d, g, v, ð, z,ʒ,ʤ, m,n, h,l,r,,j,w/ + toàn bộ các nguyên âm.
II. ’s’ được phát âm là /s/ khi đi sau các âm vô thanh (trừ 3 âm / s,∫,t∫ /
Vô thanh: /p,t,k,f,θ,s,∫,t∫,h/
Ex: bats/bœts/, kits/kits/, dates/deits/
III. ‘s’ được phát âm là /iz/ khi đi sau các âm: /s/, /z/, /∫ / /t∫ /dʒ / ʒ /
Ex: washes/ /, kisses/kisiz/, oranges/

2. Qui tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ’ed’
1) Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /d/ khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh (trừ âm d ) Ví dụ: rained /reind/, arrived , explained,
2) Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là/t/ khi đi sau các âm vô thanh (trừ âm t )
Ví dụ: walked, jumped, missed
3) Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /id/ khi đi sau các âm d và t
Ví dụ: wanted, mended
Hữu thanh : b,d,g,v,m,n,l,r,w……+ toàn bộ nguyên âm
Vô thanh: p,t,k,f,s,ƒ,tƒ, h….


Futher practice
A. Tick (x) the correct column for the ending sounds of the words given. The first ones has been done as an example.
List of words /s/ /z/ /iz/

1. thinks __ x___ ______ ______
2. arranges ______ ______ ______
3. invites ______ ______ ______
4. knows ______ ______ ______
5. uses ______ ______ ______
6. watches ______ ______ ______
7. drops ______ ______ ______
8. coughs ______ ______ ______
9. organises ______ ______ ______
10. plays ______ ______ ______
11. leaves ______ ______ ______
12. hats ______ ______ ______
13. goes ______ ______ ______
14. depths ______ ______ ______
15. clothes ______ ______ ______
16. washes ______ ______ ______
17. dates ______ ______ ______
18. photographs ______ ______ ______
19. learns ______ ______ ______
20. boxes ______ ______ ______


B. Tick (x) the correct sound of the past ending in the following words. The first one has been done as an example.
/t/ /d/ /id/
0. moved ¨ x ¨
1. carried ¨ ¨ ¨
2. educated ¨ ¨ ¨
3. watched ¨ ¨ ¨
4. confided ¨ ¨ ¨
5. concerned ¨ ¨ ¨
6. attracted ¨ ¨ ¨
7. agreed ¨ ¨ ¨
8. coughed ¨ ¨ ¨
9. changed ¨ ¨ ¨
10. hoped ¨ ¨ ¨
11. waited ¨ ¨ ¨
12. called ¨ ¨ ¨
13. ranged ¨ ¨ ¨
14. invited ¨ ¨ ¨
15. employed ¨ ¨ ¨
16. decided ¨ ¨ ¨
17. wished ¨ ¨ ¨
18. searched ¨ ¨ ¨
19. guessed ¨ ¨ ¨
20. produced ¨ ¨ ¨


C. Choose the best answer to each question by cicling the corresponding letter.
1. Which of the following verbs has its past ending pronounced /t/?
A. waited B. burned C. produced
2. Which of the following verbs has its past ending pronounced differently from the others?
A. wished B. ranged C. tipped
3. Which of the following verbs does not have its past ending pronounced /ɪd/?
A. relieved B. decided C. invited
4. Which of the following verbs has its past ending pronounced /d/?
A. guessed B. operated C. employed
5. Which of the following verbs has its past ending pronounced /ɪd/?
A. called B. affected C. searched

D. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.
1. a. village b. dangerous c. gossip d. passenger
2. a. which b. changeable c. each d. characteristic
3. a. pasture b. acquaintance c. constant d. talkative
4. a. uncertain b. tell c. pursuit d. picture
5. a. chore b. machine c. much d. such
6. a. game b. bridge c. against d. garage
7. a. generous b. gene c. generally d. giving
8. a. cheese b. children c. chemical d. teacher
9. a. machinery b. march c. cheerfully d. merchant
10. a. page b. message c. danger d. ringer
11. a. language b. happen c. experience d. know
12. a. sing b. glance c. turn d. sneaky
13. a. note b. next c. finger d. expensive
14. a. money b. link c. down d. point
15. a. around b. hand c. nothing d. autumn
16. a. happy b. husband c. have d. hour
17. a. iron b. celebrate c. parents d. restaurant
18. a. who b. how c. which d. whose
19. a. friend b. anniversary c. birthday d. cream
20. a. children b. divorce c. married d. present
21. a. her b. honour c. hold d. home
22. a. bring b. every c. remember d. party
23. a. girl b. card c. for d. pretty
24. a. when b. whom c. whole d. whoever
25. a. rhyme b. behind c. hundred d. here
26. a. invited b. attended c. celebrated d. displayed
27. a. neighbors b. friends c. relatives d. photographs
28. a. happy b. house c. hour d. hold
29. a. childless b. watching c. machine d. choose
30. a. none b. ink c. blown d. Brand
31. a. war b. work c. world d. whom
32. a. use b. umbrella c. under d. utter
33. a. winter b. answer c. award d. towards
34. a. lawn b. allow c. drawing d. swimmer
35. a. student b. education c. united d. truck
36. a. sword b. sweat c. swing d. swallow
37. a. mow b. know c. dawn d. window
38. a. summer b. club c. computer d. but
39. a. suffer b. unhappy c. cup d. uniform
40. a. who b. where c. when d. why
41. a. campaign b. people c. population d. pneumonia
42. a. number b. able c. climber d. about
43. a. psychology b. prepare c. problem d. promote
44. a. comb b. combine c. combat d. combust
45. a. job b. bomb c. back d. before
46. a. two b. twenty c. twist d. twice
47. a. competition b. competitor c. contest d. question
48. a. twinkle b. twelve c. twin d. twofold
49. a. sponsored b. answered c. enjoyed d. competed
50. a. smoothly b. three c. enthusiasm d. think

Các quy tắc đánh trọng âm trong tiếng Anh

A. Quy tắc chung:

1. Trọng âm không rơi vào âm tiết /ə/

2.Luôn nhấn trọng âm vào các âm tiết có dạng viết như sau:
- ee (n): refug’ee, interview’ee, thir’teen ( ngoại lệ coffee, committee)
- eer: volun’teer, mountai’neer
- ese: Chi’nese, Japa’nese
- ette: ciga’rette, laude’rette, nove’lette
- ique: u’nique, tech’nique
- oo(n): bam’boo, ba’lloon
- ade: melon’ade (ngoại lệ: a ‘comrade, ‘marmalade
- esque: pictu’resque
- aire: questio’naire
- ain (với động từ): con’tain, enter’tain
- ever: when’ever
- mental: enviro’mental
- self; him’self, her’self

3. Trong một từ có nhiều chữ “e” thì chữ “e” nào được phát âm là /e/ thì nhấn trọng âm vào âm đó
E.g. Re‘member inde‘fendence ‘sentence

4. Các từ có chứa các đuôi , - ety, - ity, - ion ,- sion, - cial,- ically, - ious, -eous, - ian, - ior, - iar, iasm, - ience, - iency, - ient, - ier, - ic, - ics, -ial, -ical, -ible, -uous, -ics*, ium, - logy, - sophy,- graphy - ular, - ulum, ish
thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết ngay trước nó :
de‘cision dic‘tation lib‘rarian ex‘perience ‘premier so‘ciety arti‘ficial su‘perior ef‘ficiency re’public mathe‘matics cou‘rageous fa‘miliar con‘venient ‘finish
Ngoại lệ : ‘cathonic (thiên chúa giáo), ‘lunatic (âm lịch) , ‘arabic (ả rập) , ‘politics (chính trị học) a’rithmetic (số học)

5. Các từ có tận cùng là - ate, - ise/ize, fy thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ cuối lên kể từ nó.
com‘municate ‘regulate con‘gratulate ‘concentrate
a‘pologize ‘beautify ‘simplify
* Nếu từ có 2 âm tiết thì nhấn vào âm tiết ngay trước nó.
promise senate

6. Các từ kết thúc bằng - cy*, -ty, -phy, -gy nếu 2 vần thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm thứ 1, nếu 3 âm tiết trở lên thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ cuối lên.
uni‘versity ge‘ography ‘energy
Ngoại trừ: Accuracy

7. Các từ kết thúc bằng các đuôi how, what, where, .... thì trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1.
‘anywhere ‘somehow ‘somewhere ....

8. Các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix) không nhận trọng âm:
a) Tiền tố:
UN- im’portant unim’portant
IM- ‘perfect im’perfect
IN- Com’plete incom’plete
IR- Re’spective irre’spective
DIS- Con’nect discon’nect
NON- ‘smokers non’smokers
EN/EX- ‘courage en ‘courage
RE- a’rrange rea’rrange
OVER- ‘populated over’populated
UNDER- de’veloped underde’veloped
Ngoại lệ: Understatement (n)
b) Hậu tố
-FUL ‘beauty ‘beautiful
-LESS thought ‘thoughtless
-ABLE en‘joy en‘joyable
-AL tra‘dition tra‘ditional
-OUS ‘danger ‘dangerous
-LY di‘rect di‘rectly
-ER/OR/ANT work, act ‘worker / ‘actor
-ING/IVE begin ‘beginning
-ISE/ IZE ‘memory ‘memorize
-EN wide ‘widen
-MENT em‘ploy em‘ployment
-NESS ‘happy ‘happiness
-SHIP ‘friendship ‘friendship
-HOOD child ‘childhood

B. Quy tắc riêng:
Cứ theo quy tắc chung mà xác định trọng âm, nếu không theo một quy tắc chung nào thì theo các quy tắc riêng sau:
(Có nhiều cách để xác định trọng âm của từ. Khi làm bài, nên kết hợp các quy tắc để tìm ra đáp án đúng nhất.)
1. Với các từ có 2 âm tiết:
Quy tắc 1:
1.1. Đa số các động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2, trừ khi âm tiết thứ 2 chứa âm /ə/ :
en’joy co’llect es’ape de’stroy
re’peat a’llow a’ssist a’ccept
1.2. Đa số các tính từ và danh từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
‘mountain ‘motor ‘butcher ‘carpet
‘busy ‘village ‘summer ‘table

Quy tắc 2:

- Quy tắc cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ, giới từ:
+ Nếu âm tiết thứ 2 có nguyên âm dài hay nguyên âm đôi (trừ /əʊ/ e.g. ‘follow) hoặc kết thúc với 2 hay nhiều phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2:
E.g: ap‘ply arrive inside (â.tiết thứ 2 có n.âm đôi)
Attract assist correct (k.thúc từ 2 p.âm trở lên)
Ngoại lệ: be’low
+ Đối với một số từ có âm tiết 1 là / ə / và âm tiết 2 là / əʊ / thì âm tiết 2 nhận trọng âm vì / ə / không bao giờ nhận trọng âm của từ.
E.g: a’lone sup’pose pro’pose
+ Nếu â.tiết cuối có n.âm ngắn hoặc n.âm đôi / / và có một hoặc không có phụ âm cuối thì chúng ta nhấn trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ 1.
E.g: enter envy -(n.âm cuối là n.âm ngắn và k có p.âm cuối).
Open equal - nguyên âm cuối là nguyên âm ngắn.
Ngoại lệ: ‘honest ‘perfect…-có tận cùng là 2 p.âm nhưng trọng âm lại rơi vào âm tiết đầu.

- Quy tắc cho danh từ:

+ Nếu âm tiết thứ 2 có nguyên âm ngắn thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu
E.g: money product instance
+ Nếu âm tiết thứ 2 là nguyên âm đôi hoặc nguyên âm dài thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
E.g. balloon design estate

2. Với những từ có 3 âm tiết:
Quy tắc 1:
2.1. Danh từ và tính từ có chứa 3 âm tiết ngắn thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết số 1
‘animal ‘hospital ‘violent ‘architect
‘chemistry ‘mineral ‘family ‘cinema

2.2. Động từ có tận cùng là 2 phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết số 3.
under’tand repre’sent

2.3. Động từ có 3 âm tiết ngắn thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết số 2
Re’member dis’cover con’sider

Quy tắc 2:
- Quy tắc đối với động từ và tính từ:
+ Nếu âm tiết cuối là nguyên âm dài, nguyên âm đôi hoặc có tận cùng từ hai phụ âm trở lên thì trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết cuối.
E.g. entertain resurrect

+ Nếu âm tiết cuối là nguyên âm ngắn thì nhấn vào âm tiết giữa, nếu âm tiết giữa cũng là nguyên âm ngắn thì trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.

- Quy tắc đối với danh từ:
Chúng ta phải xét từ âm tiết cuối trở về trước.
+ Nếu âm thứ 3 là nguyên âm ngắn hoặc là nguyên âm đôi / / và âm thứ 2 là nguyên âm dài hay nguyên âm đôi thì nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 2.
E.g. banana potato disaster

+ Nếu âm tiết thứ 3 là nguyên âm dài hoặc nguyên âm đôi, hoặc kết thúc bằng nhiều hơn 1 phụ âm thì nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 1.
E.g. intellect alkali

+ Nếu âm tiết thứ 2 và thứ 3 không có nguyên âm dài và nguyên âm đôi thì trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết đầu.
E.g. quantity cinema emperor
Như vậy, đối với các danh từ 3 âm tiết trở lên thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1.

3. Với các từ ghép:
3.1. Danh từ ghép thường có trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1 :
‘raincoat ‘tea- cup ‘film- maker ‘shorthand ‘bookshop ‘footpath ‘hortlist ‘airline
‘bedroom ‘typewriter ‘snowstorm ‘suitcase

3.2. Tính từ ghép thường có trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1,
‘home - sick ‘air- sick ‘praise-worthy
‘trustworthy ‘ghting- fast ‘water- proof
Nhưng nếu tính từ ghép mà từ đầu tiên là tính từ hay trạng từ (Adjective or adverb) hoặc kết thúc bằng đuôi - ED thì trọng âm chính được nhấn ở từ thứ 2 .
Tương tự, động từ ghép và trạng từ ghép có trọng âm chính nhấn vào từ thứ 2:
bad- ‘temper short- ‘sighted well- in’formed up’stairs
well – done short- ‘handed north- ‘east down- ‘tream
well – ‘dressed ill – ‘treated down’stairs north – ‘west

II. Luyện tập:
Xác định trọng âm cho các từ sau:

signal waving complete together
promise language interest conservation
believe number present primary
education politic normally certificate
computer electronic however conference
translate university important discover
advice anxious newspaper restaurant
substantial conservative counterpart informality
tuberculosis furniture represent engineer
recommend imagine publisher committee

Tìm từ có trọng âm nằm ở vị trí khác với những từ còn lại:
Exercise 1: Two-syllable words
1. A. study B. reply C. apply D. rely
2. A. tenant B.common C. rubbish D. machine
3. A.writer B.teacher C. builder D. career
4. A. decide B. defend C. desert D. demand
5. A.service B.decade C.server D.begin
6. A.answer B.study C.extend D.marry
7. A setle B. protect C. compose D. relate
8. A. although B.bracket C.knowledge D. neighbor
19. A. recently B. conduct C. attitude D. marriage
20. A. banquet B. schedule C. enjoy D. blessing
21. A. farewell B. thoughtful C. toward D. approach
22. A. birthday B. cowboy C. enjoy D. pleasure
24. A. ashtray B. music C. severe D. temper
25. A. persuade B. reduce C. offer D. apply
26 . A. farmer B. farewell C. factory D. fairy
27. A. cattle B. country C. canal D. cover
28. A. money B. machine C. many D. mother
29. A. borrow B. agree C. await D. prepare
30. A. paper B. tonight C. lecture D. story

Exercise 2: Three-syllable words
1. A. generous B. suspicious C. constancy D. sympathy
2. A. acquaintance B. unselfish C. attraction D. humorous
3. A. loyalty B. success C. incapable D. sincere
4. A. carefully B. correctly C. seriously D. personally
5. A. excited B. interested C. confident D. memorable
6. A. organise B. decorate C. divorce D. promise
7. A. refreshment B. horrible C. exciting D. intention
8. A. knowledge B. maximum C. athletics D. marathon
9. A. difficult B. relevant C. volunteer D. interesting
10.A a. confidence B. supportive C. solution D. obedient
11. A. whenever B. mischievous C. hospital D. separate
12. A. introduce B. delegate C. marvelous D. currency
13. A. develop B. conduction C. partnership D. majority
14. A. counterpart B. measurement C. romantic D. attractive
15. A. goverment B. technical C. parallel D. understand
16. A. Pyramid B. Egyptian C. belongs D. century
17. A. construction B. suggestion C. accurate D. hi-jacket
18. A. dedicate B. impressive C. reminder D. descendant
19. A. remember B. company C. technical D. interview
20. A. electric B. computer C. fascinate D. fantastic
21. A. domestic B. investment C. substantial D. undergo
22. A. confident B. influence C. computer D. contrary
23. A. optimist B. powerful C. terrorist D. remember
24. A. government B. destruction C. contribute D. depression
25. A. institute B. consumption C. specific d. encounter

D¹ng 3: Tìm từ có trọng âm nằm ở vị trí khác với những từ còn lại:
Exercise 1
1) A. realise B. improve C. possible D. comfortable
2) A. important B. especially C. prefer D. influence
3) A. mineral B. example C. diamond D. popular
4) A. republic B. collector C. situation D. inscription
5) A. protection B. separate C. develop D. encourage
6) A. recognise B. stimulate C. activity D. adult
7) A. intelligent B. direct C. satisfactory D. desire
8) A. relationship B. command C. vocabulary D. island
9) A. define B. idea C. express D. figure
10) A. suppose B. expect C. unusual D. literary

Exercise 2
1) A. individual B. reputation C. experience D. scientific
2) A. carpenter B. revise C. ignore D. traditional
3) A. necessary B. achieve C. communicate D. poetic
4) A. influence B. modern C. consider D. different
5) A. contain B. poisonous C. chemical D. scientist
6) A. discover B. unhealthy C. amount D. realise
7) A. avoid B. gesture C. permit D. exact
8) A. forefinger B. precise C. specific D. computer
9) A. involved B. equal C. machine D. eventual
10) A. operation B. official C. community D. efficiency

Exercise 3:
1) A. redundant B. harmony C. grammatical D. essential
2) A. absolute B. accuracy C. obvious D. original
3) A. machine B. enthusiast C. replace D. fortune
4) A. unemployed B. necessity C. generosity D. represent
5) A. furious B. wonderful C. reaction D. honesty
6) A. return B. lottery C. reward D. immediate
7) A. address B. millionaire C. believe D. mislead
8) A. estimate B. medical C. advice D. vegetables
9) A. addition B. exemplify C. incredible D. candle
10) A. aesthetic B. particular C. acceptability D. disease
Exercise 4
1) A. physical B. activity C. increase D. expectancy
2) A. conform B. perhaps C. remove D. various
3) A. percentage B. advantage C. examine D. influence
4) A. decay B. purpose C. however D. invention
5) A. prefer B. electricity C. invent D. collaborate
6) A. amazing B. ability C. performance D. television
7) A. appear B. audience C. government D. talented
8) A. painter B. energy C. express D. boundary
9) A. inspire B. resign C. dangerous D. exchange
10) A. commodity B. material C. deposit D. quality


Exercise 5:Tìm từ có trọng âm nằm ở vị trí khác với những từ còn lại:
A. massage B. exhibition C. experiment D. invention
A. telephone B. emigrate C. demonstrate D. introduce
A. tonight B. dinner C. sorry D. problem
A. saucepan B. steamer C. beside D. object
A. lighting B. refrigerator C. fixture D. safety
A. destroy B. remember C. forget D. injure
A. chemical B. medicine C. calendar D. precaution
A. cruel B. excited C. afraid D. upset
A. include B. escape C. marry D. appear
A. equipment B. traditional C. remember D. fortunate
A. magical B. immediate C. interesting D. dangerous
A. festival B. buffalo C. electricity D. furniture
A. report B. across C. lunar D. remember
A. improve B. comment C. revise D. believe
A. semester B. festival C. memory D. meaning
A. underline B. satisfactory C.pronunciation D. conversation
A. behavior B. participate C. tradition D. necessary
A. enroll B. hobby C. favor D. offer
A. activity B. unite C. register D. explain
A. voluntary B. education C. academic D. application
A. citizenship B. assistance C. similar D. character
A. environment B. encourage C. establish D. organization
A. humid B. airmail C. discuss D. pancake
A. notice B. effect C. contact D. surface
A. concern B. comfort C. product D. market
A. customer B. grocery C. resident D. delicious
A. organize B. community C. restaurant D.neighborhood
A. offer B. rural C. prefer D. urban
A. delay B. create C. believe D. harvest
A. migrant B. remote C. supply D. typhoon
A. tragedy B. unpleasant C. relative D. hospital
A. information B. entertainment C. government D. population
A. damage B. revive C. promise D. bandage
A. asleep B. conscious C. sterile D. tissue
A. stretcher B. towel C. awake D. treatment
A. ambulance B. injection C. minimize D. handkerchief
A. happen B. beautiful C. hospital D. overheat
A. relax B. recognize C. realize D. relatively
A. permanent B. power C. permission D. carpet
A. photography B. minority C. heroic D. carpet
A. practicality B. politician C. uncontrollable D. comfortable
A. managerial B. determination C. unbelievable D. inability
A. deposit B. festival C. institute D. resident
A. surprising B. astonishing C. amazing D. interesting
A. interview B. industry C. essential D. difficult
A. extreme B. generous C. lonely D. clothing
A. friendly B. extra C. along D. orphanage
A. philosopher B. patriot C. atmosphere D. habit
A. pollute B. severe C. tragic D. humane
A. economical B. personality C. preparatory D. entertainment
A. interrupt B. interview C. intervene D. interstellar
A. mechanic B. terrific C. Arabic D. Pacific
A. interesting B. surprising C. amusing D. successful
A. understand B. engineer C. benefit D. Vietnamese
A. applicant B. uniform C. yesterday D. employment
A. paper B. tonight C. lecture D. story
A. money B. army C. afraid D. people
A. cartoon B. open C. paper D. answer
A. manage B. shortage C. village D. teacher
A. remain B. convenient C. volunteer D. memorable
A. maintain B. marine C. challenge D. device
A. important B. community C. organize D. diseases
A. toothpaste B. sandwich C. cartoon D. chocolate
A. aerobics B. activity C. badminton D. basketball
A. police B. gymnast C. teacher D. farmer
A. different B. dangerous C. difficult D. delicious
A. visit B. unload C. receive D. correct
A. provide B. improve C. contain D. borrow
A. attraction B. collection C. musician D. musical
A. opposite B. bakery C. arrival D. realize
A. variety B. sensible C. appointment D. continue
A. preventive B. literature C. measurement D. temperature
A. documentary B. advantage C. magazine D. popularity
A. introduction B. television C. graduation D. reputation
A. economy B. diplomacy C. informative D. information
A. forget B. harbor C. tutor D. surface
A. family B. enemy C. assembly D. harmony
A. conscientiously B. communication C. connectivity D. multimedia
A. collaborate B. commercially C. impractical D. fluctuation
A. linkage B. password C. resource D. birthright
A. universe B. Internet C. diagram D. procedure
A. inapplicability B. recoverable C. diagonally D. congenially
A. participant B. philosopher C. observance D. nominate
A. monotonous B. refundable C. residential D. renewable
A. principal B. geothermal C. gratitude D. guarantee
A. picturesque B. etiquette C. cosmonaut D. Internet
A. entertain B. biotech C. reminder D. attachment
A. independent B. education C. impractical D. entertainment
A. important B. silently C. performance D. permission
A. advantage B. chemical C. conception D. deposit
A. advisable B. reliable C. admirable D. acceptable
A. destination B. presidential C. economic D. comparison
A. technology B. document C. facsimile D. competitive
A. transit B. transmit C. transact D. translate
A. installation B. disadvantage C. dissatisfied D. disappointed
A. available B. potential C. unlimited D. infinite
A. ecologist B. fertilizer C dangerous D. scientist
A. equality B. difficulty C. simplicity D. discovery
A. tenant B. common C. rubbish D. machine
A. animal B. bacteria C. habitat D. pyramid
A. writer B. teacher C. builder D. career
A. company B. atmosphere C. customer D. employment
A. considerate B. photographer C. community D. circumstance
A. apply B. anthem C. appear D. attend
A. scenery B. festival C. atmosphere D. location
A. prevent B. recent C. receive D. remote
A. opposite B. geography C. geometry D. endanger
A. apply B. persuade C. reduce D. offer
A. preservative B. congratulate C. preferential D. development
A. president B. physicist C. inventor D. property
A. economy B. unemployment C. communicate D. particular
A. recommend B. volunteer C. understand D. potential
A. elephant B. dinosaur C. buffalo D. mosquito
A. abnormal B. initial C. innocent D. impatient
A. significant B. convenient C. fashionable D. traditional
A. catastrophe B. agriculture C. dictionary D. supervisor
A. settle B. protect C. compose D. relate
A. organism B. attraction C. prevention D. engagement
A. popularity B. laboratory C. politician D. documentary
A. imagine B. inhabit C. continue D. disappear
A. periodic B. electric C. suspicious D. contagious
A. advertise B. advantage C. adventure D. adverbial

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conan_sea

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Câu này nghĩa là "Anh ấy là người duy nhất trong số 4 ứng cử viên từ chối..." nên chủ ngữ của động từ "refuse" phải là số ít. Vì vậy để "refuse" là sai. Ok?
 

conan_sea

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PHẦN ĐÁP ÁN CỦA NGỮ ÂM - TRỌNG ÂM MÌNH KHÔNG ĐĂNG NỮA ĐỂ CÁC BẠN DÙNG TỪ ĐIỂN KIỂM TRA LẠI ĐỂ NHỚ NỮA. DƯỚI ĐÂY LÀ PHẦN TIẾP THEO:

Đây là một trong những phần trọng tâm trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh của cả 3 khối học và trọng tâm của Unit 3 - Tiếng Anh 12.

REPORTED SPEECH – Câu tường thuật/Câu gián tiếp


A. Cách chuyển đổi từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
A.1. CÁC BIẾN ĐỔI CHUNG:
Để chuyển đổi, cần tuân theo 3 quy tắc:
a. Đổi ngôi.
+ Ngôi thứ nhất => ngôi của chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề tường thuật.
+ Ngôi thứ 2: thông thường => ngôi thứ 3 hoặc theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tường thuật.
+ Ngôi thứ 3: Không đổi
Chú ý: Ở câu trực tiếp giữ chức năng ngữ pháp gì thì câu gián tiếp vẫn phải như thế. Vd câu trực tiếp là chủ ngữ thì khi chuyển ngôi thì chức năng vẫn là chủ ngữ, câu trực tiếp là tính từ sở hữu thì câu gián tiếp vẫn là tính từ sở hữu. Chỉ đổi ngôi, không đổi chức năng ngữ pháp.

Hoặc các bạn có thể nhớ cách đổi ngôi một cách tương đối máy móc như sau:
Thông thường, câu trực tiếp sẽ có dạng: A says/said to B: “S + V + .....”
+ Nếu trong dấu ngoặc kép có chứa “I, me, my, mine” thì chúng ta sẽ chuyển thành ngôi tương ứng với A.
Vd: Lan said: “I will visit my parents next week.”
Ở đây chúng ta thấy trong dấu ngoặc kép là đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ “I”, như thế sẽ tương ứng với yếu tố A chính là Lan, vậy “I” sẽ phải đổi thành đại từ nhân xưng làm tân ngữ là “She”.Tiếp đó là tính từ sở hữu “my” cũng tương ứng với Lan nhưng tính từ sở hữu của Lan phải là “her”. Vậy câu này sẽ được viết thành:
Lan said that she would visit her parents next week.
+ Nếu trong dấu ngoặc kép có chứa “You, your, yours” thì chúng sẽ được chuyển thành ngôi tương ứng với B – nếu có, hoặc chúng ta có thể lấy một ngôi thứ 3 khác để thay thế.
Vd: Minh said to me: “You can use your room tomorrow”
Phân tích tương tự vd ở trên chúng ta sẽ có You => I, your => my.
Vậy câu này sẽ được chuyển thành: Minh told me that I could use my room tomorrow.
+ Nếu trong dấu ngoặc kép là “We, our, us, ours” thì sẽ được giữ nguyên nếu người nghe cũng nằm trong số được nói đến. Nếu người nghe không nằm trong số được nói đến thì sẽ chuyển thành ngôi thứ 3 số nhiều là “they, their, them, theirs”
Vd: He said to me: “We will have a day off tomorrow.” (We: Chúng tôi, bao gồm cả “tôi” là người nghe. Có thể dịch là “Anh ta nói với tôi rằng ngày mai chúng tôi sẽ được nghỉ”)
=> He told me that we would have a day off the next day.
He said to me: “We will move to London.” (We: Chúng tôi, không bao gồm tôi. Có thể ý nói là cả gia đình anh ấy sẽ chuyển đến LD)
=> He told me that they would move to London.
Khi gặp trường hợp này cần phải xem xét ý nghĩa của câu rồi chuyển.

b. Đổi các đại từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian:
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
This/these => that/those
Here => there
Now => then
Today => that day
Yesterday => the day before/the previous day
Tomorrow => the next day/the following day
Ago => before
Next + danh từ chỉ thời gian => the following/next + danh từ chỉ thời gian.
Last + danh từ chỉ thời gian => the previous + + danh từ chỉ thời gian/the + danh từ chỉ thời gian + before.
The day after tomorrow => In two days’ time
Chú ý:
- Nếu lời nói và hành động xảy ra cùng một ngày thì không cần phải đổi thời gian.
Vd: At breakfast this morning he said: “I will be busy today.
=> At breakfast this morning he said that he would be busy today.

c. Thay đổi về thì:
Theo nguyên tắc, động từ sẽ được lùi lại một thì.
1. Thì hiện tại đơn => Thì quá khứ đơn
2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn => Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành /Thì quá khứ đơn / Thì quá khứ hoàn thành => Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
4. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn/Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn => Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
5. will/shall => would/should
6. am/is/are => was/were
7. can => could / may => might

Những trường hợp không cần đổi thì:
+ Một số động từ khuyết thiếu: should, had better, ought to, must
+ Khi mệnh đề trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên, một định luật khoa học.
+ Nội dung trong mệnh đề trực tieps diễn tả sự việc vừa xảy ra, vừa mới nói hay đã nói trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn đúng ở hiện tại.
Vd: he said that he still loves her. (Hiện tại anh ấy vẫn yêu cô ấy.)
+ Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, say to....) ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai đơn.
Vd: The farmer says: “I hope it will rain tomorrow.”
=>The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.

A.2. CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT CƠ BẢN:
Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:
1.Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)

S+say(s)/said+(that)+S+V

*says/say to+O => tells/tell+O said to+O => told+O
Eg:He said to me ”I haven’t finished my work” => He told me he hadn’t finished his work.

2.Reported questions:(Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi)
a.Yes/No questions:

S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/whether+S+V

Eg .”Are you angry?”he askedàHe asked if/whether I was angry.
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì,trạng từ chỉ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ ngữ,tân ngữ...)
b.Wh-questions:

S+asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered+Wh-words+S+V.

*says/say to => aks/ask+O
said/said to => aked+O.
Eg.”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.
àThe teacher asked us what we were talking about.

3. Tường thuật câu ở các dạng đặc biệt
3.1. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau là một “to V”
+ Tường thuật mệnh lệnh: tell sb (not) to V – Yêu cầu ai đó làm (không làm) việc gì đó.
Vd: “Put your books away,” said the teacher. => The teacher told us to put our books away.

+ Tường thuật lời yêu cầu: ask sb (not) to V – Yêu cầu ai đó làm (không làm) việc gì đó.
Vd: “Please, don’t smoke in this room.” => The clerk asked him not to smoke in that room.

+ Tường thuật lời khuyên: advise sb (not) to V – Khuyên ai đó làm (không nên làm) một việc gì đó
Vd: “If I were you, I wouldn’t drink so much wine,” he said to me. => He advised me not to drink so much wine.

+ Tường thuật lời hứa: promise (not) to V st – Hứa làm (không làm) gì.
Vd: “I’ll give you a hand, if you like,” said Daisy. => Daisy promised to give me a hand, if I liked.

+ Tường thuật lời đe doạ: threaten (not) to V st – Doạ sẽ làm (không làm) gì.
Vd: “Get out or I’ll call the police,” said the woman. => The woman threatened to call the police if he didn’t get out.

+ Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: warn sb (not) to V st:
Vd: “Don’t touch that wire,” he said. => He warned me not to touch that wire.

+ Trường thuật lời mời: invite sb to V st – Mời ai đó làm gì.
Vd: “Come for dinner with us tonight, will you?” Bill said. => Bill invited me to come for dinner with them that night.

+ Tường thuật lời nhắc nhở: remind sb (not) to V st: nhắc nhở ai làm (không làm) gì.
Vd: “Remember to post my letter on your way,” Wendy said. => Wendy reminded me to post her letter on my way.

+ Tường thuật lời động viên: encourage sb to V st _- Cổ vũ, động viên ai đó làm gì.
Vd: go ahead, you must enter for the contest, Jill!” said Pam. => Pam encouraged Jill to enter for the contest.

+ Tường thuật lời cầu khẩn: beg/implore sb (not) to V st
Vd: “Please, do me a favour,” said the beggar to Carol. => The beggar begged/implored Carol to do him a favour.

+ Tường thuật lời gợi ý tự nguyện làm/giúp làm gì đó: offer to V st
Vd: “Shall I help you with the housework?” said Tim to his wife. => Tim offered to help his wife with the house work.

+ Tường thuật sự đồng ý: agree (not) to V.
Vd: “Ok, I’ll take you to work in my car, Sue” said Card. => Card agreed to take Sue to work in his car.

3.2. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng “Gerund – Ving”:
+ Tường thuật lời buộc tội: accused sb of (not) Ving/having p2 st – Buộc tội ai đó đã làm việc gì đó.
Vd: “You damaged my new laptop, Dan” said Susan. => Susan accused Dan of damaging her new laptop.

+ Tường thuật lời thú nhận, thừa nhận đã làm gì: admit (not) Ving/having p2 st – Thừa nhận đã làm việc gì.
Vd: “I didn’t tell you the truth, Ron” said Kim =>Kim admitted not telling/not having told Ron the truth.

+ Tường thuật lời phủ nhận, chối đã làm việc gì: deny Ving/having p2 st
Vd: “I didn’t break that vase,” said Tom. => Tom denied breaking/having broken that vase.

+ Tường thuật lời xin lỗi: apologize (to sb) for (not) Ving/having p2 st
Vd: “I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting.” Said Ann. => Ann apologized for having kept me waiting.

+ Tường thuật lời chúc mừng: congratulate sb on Ving/having p2 st – Chúc mừng ai về việc gì.
Vd: “Congratulations! You won the game!” said the principal. => The principal congratulated the students on winning the game.

+ Tường thuật lời nài nỉ: insist on Ving st – Khăng khăng làm việc gì đó.
Vd: “I must pay for this damage,” the man said. => The man insisted on paying for that damage.

+ Tường thuật lời đề nghị: suggest Ving st.
Vd: Let’s have a picnic this weeken,” Mike said. => Mike suggested having a picnic that weekend.

+ Tường thuật lời cảm ơn: thanked sb for st/Ving st.
Vd: “Thank you very much for your advice,” he said. => He thanked me for my advice.
“Thank you very much for giving me advice,” he said. => He thanked me for giving him advice.

+ Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: warn sb against st/Ving st – Cảnh báo ai đừng làm việc gì đó.
Vd: “Don’t invest in that business,” said my lawyer,” => My lawyer warned me against investing in that business.

+ Tường thuật lời đổ lỗi: blame sb for Ving/having p2 st – Đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì.
Vd: “You are responsible for this falure,” said the director. => The director blamed his deputy for that falure.

+ Tường thuật lời thú nhận: confess to Ving st – Thú nhận đã làm việc gì.
Vd: “It was me who stole the money,” said Jack. => Jack confessed to stealing/having stolen the money.

3.3. Trường hợp câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện:
Đối với câu điều kiện, khi tường thuật chúng ta chỉ lùi thì ở câu điều kiện loại 1, câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 không có sự biến đổi về thì.
Vd: He said: “If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go swimming.”
=> He said that if it was sunny the next day, we would go swimming.
“If I had enough money, I would buy this car,” said Peter. => Peter said that if he had enough money, he would buy that car.

3.4. Chuyển câu cảm thán từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:
Câu cảm thán bắt đầu bằng “What .... hoặc How.....” – Thật là.......
Có thể được chuyển sang câu gián tiếp bằng 3 cách:
a. Dùng exclaim/say that: thốt ra/nói rằng
Vd: “What a lovely garden they have!” => He exclaimed what a lovely garden they had.
“How hot it is!” => He said (that) how hot it was.
b. Dùng “give an exclamation of + delight-vui sướng/disgust-ghê tởm/horror-ghê rợn/relief-nhẹ nhõm/surprise-ngạc nhiên.....
Vd: “Good!” he exclaimed. => He gave an exclamation of satisfaction/pleasure.
c. Dùng “with an exclamation of + delight/disgust/horror/relief/surprise.....+ S + V.....”
Vd: “Ugh!” She exclaimed, and turned the programme off. => With an exclamation of disgust she turned the programme off.

LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 1:
Chuyển các câu sau sang câu tường thuật:
1. “What did you do before working for this company, John?” asked Lan.
=> Lan asked........................
2. “I’ll come to see you next Sunday,” Bill said to me.
=> Bill promised................
3. “I’m sorry I didn’t ring you earlier,” Tom said to her.
=> Tom apologized....................
4. “It was nice of you to give me the present. Thank you,” Miss White said to Peter.
=> Miss White thanked.........................

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1: She told him ______ up late.
A. not to staying B. that he not stayed C. to stay not D. not to stay

2 She said she __________ that film years before.
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see

3: The doctor advised me ______ .
A. smoke B. not smoking C. not to smoke D. not to smoking

4.Jim……anybody what happened .
A.said me not to tell B.said me don’t to tell C.asked me don’t tell D. asked me not to tell

5. My father asked me _____ of the film.
A. what do you think B. what I think C. what did you think D. what I thought

6. She said that she …….here for six years.
A. has lived B. had lived C. would lived D. visited

7. “You ought to slow down a bit,” the doctor told him.
A. The doctor advised him to slow down.
B. The doctor made him slow down.
C. The doctor begged him to slow down.
D. The doctor threatened him to slow down.

8. She said, “I’ll call the police if you don’t leave immediately!”
A. She threatened to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.
B. she frightened to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.
C. She scared to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.
D. She said to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.

9.. “You stole my best cassatte, Bob!” said Willy.
A. Willy accused Bob for having stolen his best cassatte.
B. Willy accused Bob of having stolen his best cassatte.
C. Willy accused Bob on having stolen his best cassatte.
D. Willy accused Bob to have stolen his best cassatte.

10.. “Don’t forget to feed the chicken twice a week,” he said.
A. He said don’t forget to feed the chicken twice a week.
B. He told not to forget to feed the chicken twice a week.
C. He reminded me to feed the chicken twice a week.
D. He suggested me to feed the chicken twice a week.

11. “Well done, Jerry, you’ve passed the driving test!”
A. I congratulated Jerry on passing her driving test.
B. I told that Jerry had passed her driving test.
C. I told Jerry that she had done well in her driving test.
D. I congratulated Jerry for passing her driving test.

12. “What’s your job?, said the doctor to Mr. Thomas.
A. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what his job was.
B. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what his job is.
C. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what was his job.
D. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what is his job.

13."Hello, Mary!" Peter said. '
A. Peter said hello Mary. B. Peter said Mary hello.
C. Peter told Mary hello D. Peter greeted Mary

14. "Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Peter asked me.
A. Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help.
B. Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help. ,
C. Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help.
D. Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help

15."How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.

16. Melia said she had learned Vietnamese before she came to Hanoi.
A. Melia said, “she has learned Vietnamese before she came to Hanoi”
B. Melia said, “I have learned Vietnamese before I came to Hanoi”
C. Melia Said, “I have learned Vietnamese before I come to Hanoi”
D. Melia said, “ She has learned Vietnamese before she comes to Hanoi”

17. 'Don't be so disappointed, Bill. You can take the driving test again,' said Helen.
A. Helen told Bill not to be disappointed and not to take the driving test again.
B. Helen told Bill to be disappointed because of the driving test again.
C. Helen said Bill not to be disappointed in order to take the driving test again.
D. Helen encouraged Bill to take the driving test again.

18. Could you please open the window?
A. Would you mind open the window?
B. Would you mind to open the window?
C. Would you mind opens the window?
D. Would you mind opening the window?

19. 'No, I didn't steal anything from her,' said Henry.
A. Henry confirmed that he had stolen things from her.
B. Henry refused to steal things from her.
C. Henry denied stealing things from her.
D. Henry said no to stealing things from her.

20. "Why didn't I get a computer before?" thought Jane
A. Jane wondered why she didn't get a computer in the previous time
B. Jane wondered why she haven't got a computer in the previous time
C. Jane wondered why not she got a computer in the previous time
D. Jane wondered why she hadn't got a computer in the previous time

21. He knew that he will be able to pass the exam

22. We were advised not drinking the water in the bottle.

23. They told to him what to do.

24. They asked me what did happened last night, but I was unable to tell them.

Exercise 3: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the one provided:
1. “Don’t play videogames all the time”, he said
A. He told the boy not to play video games all the time. B. He said to the boy not play video games all the time.
C. He told to the boy not to play video games all the time. D. He said the boy not play video games all the time

2. He said “I bought these books last week”.
A. He said he bought these books last week. B. He said he had bought these books last week.
C. He said he had bought those books the week before. D. He said he bought those books the week before.

3. “Did they tell you when they left?” she said to me.
A. She asked me if they told me when they left. B. She asked me if they told me when they had left.
C. She asked me if they had told me when they left. D. She asked me if they had told me when they had left.

4. “Be careful. The water is hot,” she shouted
A. She said to be careful because the water is hot. B. She asked me to be careful because the water was hot.
C. She told me to be careful because the water is hot. D. She shouted be careful because the water was hot.

5. The teacher ordered not to make so much noise.
A. The teacher said us “Not make so much noise” B. The teacher told us “Didn’t make so much noise”.
C. The teacher ordered us “Not to make so much noise” D. The teacher said to us “Don’t make so much noise”.

6. She asked me if it would rain that night.
A. She asked “Would it rain that night?” B. She said “It would rain that night”
C. She asked “Will it rain tonight?” D. She said to me “It will rain tonight?”

7. He asked me where I was going on my vacation that year.
A. He asked me “Where I was going on my vacation that year?”
B. He asked me “Where was I going on my vacation that year?”
C. He asked me “Where you are going on your vacation that year?”
D. He asked me “Where are you going on your vacation this year?”

8. “No, it is not true, I didn’t steal the money”.
-->Jean (denied, refused, promised not, confess) stealing the money.

9. “Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?”
--> Peter (asked for, insisted, suggested, offered) going to the cinema.

10. “I’ve broken your pen. I’m awfully sorry Jack”
--> David (doubted, admitted, confessed, apologized) for breaking Jack’s pen.

11. “Don’t forget to post my letter, will you, Sue?”
--> Diana (reminded, suggested, remembered, ordered) Sue to post her letter.

12.“Let me carry your suitcase, Mary”
--> Harry (offered, asked, suggested, decided) to carry Mary’s suitcase.

13. “Don’t worry, Martin, I’ll bring your books back.
--> Leslie (agree, said, promise, remembered) to bring Martin’s books back.

14. “You have not done your homework well,” said the teacher to me.
A. The teacher told me I hadn’t done my homework well.B. The teacher told me I haven’t done my homework well.
C. the teacher told me I hadn’t done your homework well.
D. The teacher told me I hadn’t done his homework well.

15. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
A. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road.B. The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road.
C. The woman said that man spoke to her on the road.
D. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road.

16. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” said my classmate to me.
A. My classmate told me he/she can’t explain that rule to me.
B. My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.
C. My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to you.
D. My classmate said me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.

17. The teacher said to class, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow”
A. The teacher told the class they would discuss that subject the next day.
B. The teacher told the class they will discuss that subject the next day.
C. The teacher said the class they would discuss that subject the next day.
D. The teacher told the class they discussed that subject the next day.

1
8. The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here”
A. The woman told her son I was glad she was there. B. The woman told her son she was glad I was there.
C. The woman told her son she was glad she was there. D. The woman told to her son she was glad she was there.

19. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.”
A. Mike said they bought those books that day. B. Mike said they had bought those books that day.
C. Mike said they have bought those books that day. D. Mike said they had bought those books today.

20. Sarah said, “I read Jane Eyre last year.”
A. Sarah said she had read Jane Eyre the previous year. B. Sarah said she read Jane Eyre the previous year.
C. Sarah said she has read Jane Eyre the previous year. D. Sarah said she would read Jane Eyre the previous year.

21. Graham told Ian he would see him the following day.
A. “I’ll see you tomorrow, Ian,” said Graham. B. “I’ll see you the following day, Ian,” said Graham.
C. “I’m seeing you tomorrow, Ian,” said Graham D. “I’d see you tomorrow,” said Graham to Ian.

22. Jane told Pike she had lost her lighter the night before.
A. “I lost my lighter tonight, Pike,” said Jane. B. “I’ve lost my lighter last night, Pike,” said Jane
C. “I lost my lighter last night, Pike”, said Jane. D. “I lost my lighter last night, Jane,” said Pike

23. Tim told Ron he was leaving that afternoon.
A. “I’m leaving this afternoon, Ron,” said Tim. B. “I was leaving this afternoon, Ron,” said Tim
C. “I’m leaving that afternoon, Ron,” said Tim D. “I left that afternoon, Ron,” said Tim.

24. Pauline told the children their swimming things were not there.
A. “Their swimming things aren’t here,” said PaulineB. “Their swimming things weren’t here,” said Pauline
C. “Your swimming things aren’t here, Pauline” said the children
D. “Your swimming things aren’t here,” said Pauline.

25. Bill told Stephen he hadn’t been home that morning.
A. “Bill hasn’t been home this evening,” said Stephen. B. “I haven’t been home this evening,” said Stephen.
C. “I haven’t been home this evening, Stephen,”, said Bill. D. “I am not home that evening, Stephen” said Bill.

26. Barbara said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year”
A. Barbara said I had seen them at my parents’ house the previous year
B. Barbara said she saw them at her parents’ house the previous year.
C. Barbara said she had seen them at her parents’ house the previous year.
D. Barbara said they had seen her at her parents’ house the previous year.

27. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today”
A. He said he hasn’t seen his cousin that day. B. He said he hadn’t seen my cousin that day.
C. He said he hadn’t seen his cousin that day. D. He said I hadn’t seen his cousin that day.

28. Father said to me, “Don’t stay there long.”
A. Father told me not stay there long. B. Father told to me not to stay there long.
C. Father told me not to stay there long. D. Father said to me not to stay there long

29. Peter said to them, “Don’t leave the room until I come back.”
A. Peter told them not to leave the room until he came back.
B. Peter told them not to leave the room until he comes back.
C. Peter told them not to leave the room until they came back.
D. Peter told them not to leave the room until they come back.

30.“Take my luggage to Room 123,” he said to the porter.
A. He told the porter take his luggage to Room 123. B. He said the porter to take his luggage to Room 123.
C. He told the porter to take his luggage to Room 123. D. He said to the porter to take his luggage to Room 123.

31. He said to me, “Ring me up tomorrow”
A. He told me to ring him up to the following day. B. he told me ring him up the following day.
C. He said me to ring him up the following day. D. He told me to ring me up the following day.

32. I don’t feel like sitting on the beach all day.
A. I have no desire to spend all day sitting on the beach.B. I have no desire spending all day sitting on the beach.
C. I have no desire to have spent all day sitting on the beach.
D. I have no desire spend all day sitting on the beach.

33. His parents advised him to study hard for the final exam.
A. He was advised studying hard for the final exams.
B. He had better study hard for the final exams.
C. If I were him, I would study hard for the final exams.
D. His parents said to him, “You should study hard for the final exams.”

34. Can you speak English well enough to work as an interpreter?
A. Is your English good enough in order for you to work as an interpreter?
B. Is your English so good that you can work as an interpreter?
C. Are you capable of speaking English well enough to work as an interpreter?
D. Do you have enough English to work as an interpreter?

35. The little boy insisted on my helping to take the picture away.
A. “Please, please help me take the picture away!” the little boy said.
B. “How about helping me to take the picture away?” the little boy said.
C. “What do you think about helping me to take the picture away?” the little boy wanted to know.
D. “Why don’t you help me to take the picture away?” the little boy asked.

36. My sister said to me, “You’re going to do the washing up, don’t forget”.
A. My sister told me to do the washing up. B. My sister reminded me not to forget to do the washing up.
C. My sister ordered me to do the washing up. D. My sister reminded me to do the washing up.

37. “I was at home last night,” he said.
A. He said that I was at home last night. B. He told me that he had been at home the previous night.
C. He said that he has been at home last night. D. He said that he was at home the night before.

38. The teacher asked Tom to repeat what Tom had just said.
A. “Will you please repeat what Tom said?” the teacher asked.
B. “Please repeat what you have just said, Tom!” said the teacher.
C. “Please repeat what I have just told you, Tom”, the teacher asked.
D. “Would you mind repeating what I have just said” said the teacher.

Find the mistake:

  1. It is not easy set up rules that tell exactly when you should apologize.
  2. My English teacher always compliment us on getting good marks at the exam.
  3. We often give gifts in a friend’s or a relative’s birthday.
  4. In Vietnam, we often bought flowers, fruits, chocolates, scarves, shampoo or clothes as gifts.
  5. We especially don’t buy knives, scissors for gifts because these things symbolizes “the end of a relation”.
  6. Peter refused telling us the reason why he didn’t come to the class meeting last week.
  7. The car whose quality is very good has been used for a long time so far.
  8. Both a term paper and a final exam is often required for a college class.
  9. The purpose of traveler’s cheque is to protect travelers from theft and accidental lost of money.
  10. In spite of their awareness that smoking is harmful, many people cannot get rid it.


TẢI BẢN WORD TẠI ĐÂY
 
Sửa lần cuối bởi điều hành viên:

conan_sea

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Đáp án phần Reported speech. Tối nay sẽ là phần Passive Voice.

ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1:
Chuyển các câu sau sang câu tường thuật:
1. “What did you do before working for this company, John?” asked Lan.
=> Lan asked John what he had done before working for that company.

2. “I’ll come to see you next Sunday,” Bill said to me.
=> Bill promised to see me the next/followng Sunday.

3. “I’m sorry I didn’t ring you earlier,” Tom said to her.
=> Tom apologized her for not ringing her earlier.

4. “It was nice of you to give me the present. Thank you,” Miss White said to Peter.
=> Miss White thanked Peter for giving her the present.

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1: She told him ______ up late.
A. not to staying B. that he not stayed
C. to stay not D. not to stay

2 She said she __________ that film years before.
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see

3: The doctor advised me ______ .
A. smoke B. not smoking C. not to smoke D. not to smoking

4.Jim……anybody what happened .
A.said me not to tell B.said me don’t to tell
C.asked me don’t tell D. asked me not to tell

5. My father asked me _____ of the film.
A. what do you think B. what I think
C. what did you think D. what I thought

6. She said that she …….here for six years.
A. has lived B. had lived C. would lived D. visited

7. “You ought to slow down a bit,” the doctor told him.
A. The doctor advised him to slow down.
B. The doctor made him slow down.
C. The doctor begged him to slow down.
D. The doctor threatened him to slow down.

8. She said, “I’ll call the police if you don’t leave immediately!”
A. She threatened to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.
B. she frightened to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.
C. She scared to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.
D. She said to call the police if he didn’t leave immediately.

9.. “You stole my best cassette, Bob!” said Willy.
A. Willy accused Bob for having stolen his best cassatte.
B. Willy accused Bob of having stolen his best cassatte.
C. Willy accused Bob on having stolen his best cassatte.
D. Willy accused Bob to have stolen his best cassatte.

10.. “Don’t forget to feed the chicken twice a week,” he said.
A. He said don’t forget to feed the chicken twice a week.
B. He told not to forget to feed the chicken twice a week.
C. He reminded me to feed the chicken twice a week.
D. He suggested me to feed the chicken twice a week.

11. “Well done, Jerry, you’ve passed the driving test!”
A. I congratulated Jerry on passing her driving test.
B. I told that Jerry had passed her driving test.
C. I told Jerry that she had done well in her driving test.
D. I congratulated Jerry for passing her driving test.

12. “What’s your job?, said the doctor to Mr. Thomas.
A. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what his job was.
B. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what his job is.
C. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what was his job.
D. The doctor asked Mr. Thomas what is his job.

13."Hello, Mary!" Peter said. '
A. Peter said hello Mary. B. Peter said Mary hello.
C. Peter told Mary hello D. Peter greeted Mary

14. "Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Peter asked me.
A. Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help.
B. Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help. ,
C. Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help.
D. Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help

15."How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.

16. Melia said she had learned Vietnamese before she came to Hanoi.
A. Melia said, “she has learned Vietnamese before she came to Hanoi”
B. Melia said, “I have learned Vietnamese before I came to Hanoi”
C. Melia Said, “I have learned Vietnamese before I come to Hanoi”
D. Melia said, “ She has learned Vietnamese before she comes to Hanoi”

17. 'Don't be so disappointed, Bill. You can take the driving test again,' said Helen.
A. Helen told Bill not to be disappointed and not to take the driving test again.
B. Helen told Bill to be disappointed because of the driving test again.
C. Helen said Bill not to be disappointed in order to take the driving test again.
D. Helen encouraged Bill to take the driving test again.

18. Could you please open the window?
A. Would you mind open the window?
B. Would you mind to open the window?
C. Would you mind opens the window?
D. Would you mind opening the window?

19. 'No, I didn't steal anything from her,' said Henry.
A. Henry confirmed that he had stolen things from her.
B. Henry refused to steal things from her.
C. Henry denied stealing things from her.
D. Henry said no to stealing things from her.

20. "Why didn't I get a computer before?" thought Jane
A. Jane wondered why she didn't get a computer in the previous time
B. Jane wondered why she haven't got a computer in the previous time
C. Jane wondered why not she got a computer in the previous time
D. Jane wondered why she hadn't got a computer in the previous time

21. He knew that he will be able to pass the exam
A B C D

22. We were advised not drinking the water in the bottle.
A B C D

23. They told to him what to do.
A B C D

24. They asked me what did happened last night, but I was unable to tell them.
A B C D

Exercise 3: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the one provided:

  1. “Don’t play videogames all the time”, he said
A. He told the boy not to play video games all the time.
B. He said to the boy not play video games all the time.
C. He told to the boy not to play video games all the time.
D. He said the boy not play video games all the time.


  1. He said “I bought these books last week”.
A. He said he bought these books last week.
B. He said he had bought these books last week.
C. He said he had bought those books the week before.
D. He said he bought those books the week before.


  1. “Did they tell you when they left?” she said to me.
A. She asked me if they told me when they left. B. She asked me if they told me when they had left.
C. She asked me if they had told me when they left. D. She asked me if they had told me when they had left.


  1. “Be careful. The water is hot,” she shouted
A. She said to be careful because the water is hot. B. She asked me to be careful because the water was hot.
C. She told me to be careful because the water is hot. D. She shouted be careful because the water was hot.


  1. The teacher ordered not to make so much noise.
A. The teacher said us “Not make so much noise”
B. The teacher told us “Didn’t make so much noise”.
C. The teacher ordered us “Not to make so much noise”
D. The teacher said to us “Don’t make so much noise”.


  1. She asked me if it would rain that night.
    A. She asked “Would it rain that night?” B. She said “It would rain that night”
    C. She asked “Will it rain tonight?” D. She said to me “It will rain tonight?”
  2. He asked me where I was going on my vacation that year.
    A. He asked me “Where I was going on my vacation that year?”
    B. He asked me “Where was I going on my vacation that year?”
    C. He asked me “Where you are going on your vacation that year?”
    D. He asked me “Where are you going on your vacation this year?”


  1. “No, it is not true, I didn’t steal the money”.
    --Jean (denied, refused, promised not, confess) stealing the money.
  2. “Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?”
    -- Peter (asked for, insisted, suggested, offered) going to the cinema.
  3. “I’ve broken your pen. I’m awfully sorry Jack”
    -- David (doubted, admitted, confessed, apologized) for breaking Jack’s pen.
  4. “Don’t forget to post my letter, will you, Sue?”
    -- Diana (reminded, suggested, remembered, ordered) Sue to post her letter.
  5. “Let me carry your suitcase, Mary”
    -- Harry (offered, asked, suggested, decided) to carry Mary’s suitcase.
  6. “Don’t worry, Martin, I’ll bring your books back.
    -- Leslie (agree, said, promise, remembered) to bring Martin’s books back.
  7. You have not done your homework well,” said the teacher to me.
    A. The teacher told me I hadn’t done my homework well.
B. The teacher told me I haven’t done my homework well.
C. the teacher told me I hadn’t done your homework well.
D. The teacher told me I hadn’t done his homework well.

  1. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
    A. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road.
B. The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road.
C. The woman said that man spoke to her on the road.
D. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road.

  1. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” said my classmate to me.
    A. My classmate told me he/she can’t explain that rule to me.
    B. My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.
    C. My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to you.
    D. My classmate said me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.
  2. The teacher said to class, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow”
    A. The teacher told the class they would discuss that subject the next day.
    B. The teacher told the class they will discuss that subject the next day.
    C. The teacher said the class they would discuss that subject the next day.
    D. The teacher told the class they discussed that subject the next day.
  3. The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here”
    A. The woman told her son I was glad she was there. B. The woman told her son she was glad I was there.
    C. The woman told her son she was glad she was there.D. The woman told to her son she was glad she was there.
  4. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.”
    A. Mike said they bought those books that day. B. Mike said they had bought those books that day.
    C. Mike said they have bought those books that day. D. Mike said they had bought those books today.
  5. Sarah said, “I read Jane Eyre last year.”
    A. Sarah said she had read Jane Eyre the previous year. B. Sarah said she read Jane Eyre the previous year.
    C. Sarah said she has read Jane Eyre the previous year. D. Sarah said she would read Jane Eyre the previous year.
  6. Graham told Ian he would see him the following day.
    A. “I’ll see you tomorrow, Ian,” said Graham. B. “I’ll see you the following day, Ian,” said Graham.
    C. “I’m seeing you tomorrow, Ian,” said Graham D. “I’d see you tomorrow,” said Graham to Ian.
  7. Jane told Pike she had lost her lighter the night before.
    A. “I lost my lighter tonight, Pike,” said Jane. B. “I’ve lost my lighter last night, Pike,” said Jane
    C. “I lost my lighter last night, Pike”, said Jane. D. “I lost my lighter last night, Jane,” said Pike
  8. Tim told Ron he was leaving that afternoon.
    A. “I’m leaving this afternoon, Ron,” said Tim. B. “I was leaving this afternoon, Ron,” said Tim
    C. “I’m leaving that afternoon, Ron,” said Tim D. “I left that afternoon, Ron,” said Tim.
  9. Pauline told the children their swimming things were not there.
    A. “Their swimming things aren’t here,” said Pauline
B. “Their swimming things weren’t here,” said Pauline
C. “Your swimming things aren’t here, Pauline” said the children
D. “Your swimming things aren’t here,” said Pauline.

  1. Bill told Stephen he hadn’t been home that morning.
    A. “Bill hasn’t been home this evening,” said Stephen. B. “I haven’t been home this evening,” said Stephen.
    C. “I haven’t been home this evening, Stephen,”, said Bill. D. “I am not home that evening, Stephen” said Bill.
  2. Barbara said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year”
    A. Barbara said I had seen them at my parents’ house the previous year
    B. Barbara said she saw them at her parents’ house the previous year.
    C. Barbara said she had seen them at her parents’ house the previous year.
    D. Barbara said they had seen her at her parents’ house the previous year.
  3. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today”
    A. He said he hasn’t seen his cousin that day. B. He said he hadn’t seen my cousin that day.
    C. He said he hadn’t seen his cousin that day. D. He said I hadn’t seen his cousin that day.
  4. Father said to me, “Don’t stay there long.”
    A. Father told me not stay there long. B. Father told to me not to stay there long.
    C. Father told me not to stay there long. D. Father said to me not to stay there long
  5. Peter said to them, “Don’t leave the room until I come back.”
    A. Peter told them not to leave the room until he came back.
    B. Peter told them not to leave the room until he comes back.
    C. Peter told them not to leave the room until they came back.
    D. Peter told them not to leave the room until they come back.
  6. “Take my luggage to Room 123,” he said to the porter.
    A. He told the porter take his luggage to Room 123. B. He said the porter to take his luggage to Room 123.
    C. He told the porter to take his luggage to Room 123. D. He said to the porter to take his luggage to Room 123.
  7. He said to me, “Ring me up tomorrow”
    A. He told me to ring him up to the following day. B. he told me ring him up the following day.
    C. He said me to ring him up the following day. D. He told me to ring me up the following day.
  8. I don’t feel like sitting on the beach all day.
    A. I have no desire to spend all day sitting on the beach.
B. I have no desire spending all day sitting on the beach.
C. I have no desire to have spent all day sitting on the beach.
D. I have no desire spend all day sitting on the beach.

  1. His parents advised him to study hard for the final exam.
    A. He was advised studying hard for the final exams. B. He had better study hard for the final exams.
    C. If I were him, I would study hard for the final exams.
    D. His parents said to him, “You should study hard for the final exams.”
  2. Can you speak English well enough to work as an interpreter?
    A. Is your English good enough in order for you to work as an interpreter?
    B. Is your English so good that you can work as an interpreter?
    C. Are you capable of speaking English well enough to work as an interpreter?
    D. Do you have enough English to work as an interpreter?
  3. The little boy insisted on my helping to take the picture away.
    A. “Please, please help me take the picture away!” the little boy said.
    B. “How about helping me to take the picture away?” the little boy said.
    C. “What do you think about helping me to take the picture away?” the little boy wanted to know.
    D. “Why don’t you help me to take the picture away?” the little boy asked.
  4. My sister said to me, “You’re going to do the washing up, don’t forget”.
    A. My sister told me to do the washing up. B. My sister reminded me not to forget to do the washing up.
    C. My sister ordered me to do the washing up. D. My sister reminded me to do the washing up.
  5. “I was at home last night,” he said.
    A. He said that I was at home last night. B. He told me that he had been at home the previous night.
    C. He said that he has been at home last night. D. He said that he was at home the night before.
  6. The teacher asked Tom to repeat what Tom had just said.
    A. “Will you please repeat what Tom said?” the teacher asked.
    B. “Please repeat what you have just said, Tom!” said the teacher.
    C. “Please repeat what I have just told you, Tom”, the teacher asked.
    D. “Would you mind repeating what I have just said” said the teacher.

Choose the answer that is not appropriate:

  1. It is not easy set up rules that tell exactly when you should apologize.
  2. My English teacher always compliment us on getting good marks at the exam.
  3. We often give gifts in a friend’s or a relative’s birthday.
  4. In Vietnam, we often bought flowers, fruits, chocolates, scarves, shampoo or clothes as gifts.
  5. We especially don’t buy knives, scissors for gifts because these things symbolizes “the end of a relation”.
  6. Peter refused telling us the reason why he didn’t come to the class meeting last week.
  7. The car whose quality is very good has been used for a long time so far.
  8. Both a term paper and a final exam is often required for a college class.
  9. The purpose of traveler’s cheque is to protect travelers from theft and accidental lost of money.
  10. In spite of their awareness that smoking is harmful, many people cannot get rid it.

PHẦN TIẾP THEO SẼ ĐƯỢC POST TỐI NAY LÀ PHẦN CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG - BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN VÀ CÁC CẤU TRÚC BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT.
 

conan_sea

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Passive voice – thể bị động

PASSIVE VOICE – THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG

CẤU TRÚC CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN:
1. Thì hiện tại đơn
S + IS / ARE / AM + P.P
-Mr.Green teaches English => English is taught by Mr. Green .

2. Thì quá khứ đơn:

S + WAS / WERE + P.P
-Nam wrote this letter . => This letter was written by Nam .

3. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn – Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:

S + IS / ARE / AM + BEING + PP
WAS / WERE
-The police are questioning Tom. =>Tom is being questioned by the police .


4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành – Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + PP
HAD
-The fire has destroyed many houses . => Many houses have been destroyed by the fire .

5. Đối với động từ khuyết thiếu:

S + CAN / MAY / MUST / WILL / SHALL + BE + PP
USED TO /BE GOING TO/HAVE TO
- They will build a new road next year => A new road will be built next year

Ghi chú:
- Nếu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thì phải để cuối câu .
- Nếu chủ từ là : people, something, someone, they thì có thể bỏ đi (riêng các đại từ : I ,you, he... thì tùy theo câu , nếu thấy không cần thiết thì có thể bỏ )
- Nếu có no đầu câu thì làm như bình thường, xong đổi sang phủ định

CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT THƯỜNG GẶP
1. S + want/ like/expect + sb to V something
=> S + want /like/expect + something + to be P2
=> Sb + be + wanted/liked/expected + to V
Ví dụ:
The teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
=>The teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully.
=>They expected me to finish my work early.à they expected my work to be finished early.

2. Somebody
+ agree/arrange/determind/decide + to do something
=> Somebody + agree/arange/determind/decide + that something + should be + done
Ví dụ: She decided to rebuild the house => She decided that the house should be rebuilt.

3. S + should + V st = St need Ving = St need to be P2

Ví dụ:
The house needs cleaning => The house needs to be cleaned.
The chickens need feeding => The chickens need to be fed.
Hai cấu trúc này có thể chuyển đổi lại cho nhau, cả hai cấu trúc này đều mang nghĩa bị động.

4.
S + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report + that + sb + V + st
=> Cách 1: It be thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported that sb + V st
=> Cách 2: Sb be thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported to Vsomething/to have pp st
Chú ý:
- Động từ “be” chia theo thì của think/expect/believe/estimate... của câu gốc.
- Khi nào động từ bên trong trước thì động từ bên ngoài thì dùng to have p.p. Các trường hợp được xem là trước thì là :
HT - HTHT
HT - QK
QK - QKHT
Ex: People think that he killed his wife. (Hành động anh ấy giết vợ là ở quá khứ, hành động mọi người nghĩ ở hiện tại)
=> It is thought that he killed his wife.
=> He is thought to have killed his wife.

5. It’s your duty to do something

=> You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là….)
Ví dụ:
It’s your duty to lock all the doors.=> You are supposed to lock all the doors.

6. Somebody + see/make/let + someone + V + something

=> Someone is seen/made + to V something
=> Someone is let + V something
Ví dụ:
He made me stay outside yesterday => I was made to stay outside yesterday.
The teacher let us go home early last week. => We were let go home early last week.

7. Somebody + have + someone + do something
=> Somebody + have + something + done
Somebody + get + someone + to do something => Somebody + get + something + done
Ví dụ:
He had his waiter carry the luggage home => He had the luggage carried home by the waiter.
I got the postman to post the letter for me.=> I had the letter posted for me by the postman.

8. S + should + V st = St need Ving = St need to be P2

You should repair the roof. => The roof needs repairing / The roof needs to be repaired.

9. S + see/make/watch/notice/herar/cause sb V st

=> Sb + be + seen/made/watched…to V st.

10. S + let + sb + V st
à Sb + be + let + V st / Sb + be + allowed/permitted + to V st
Ex: He let them go into the room. => They were allowed to go into the room.

11. suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist (on), recommend = V1

S + V1 + that + S2 + V(inf) + st => It + be + P2 (V1) + that + St + be (inf) + P1 (V2)
Ex: He suggested that she buy a new car. => It was suggested that a new car be bought.

12. Bị động của cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả “it”.

It + be + adj + (for sb) + to V + st. => It + be + adj + for st to be + P2
Ex: It is difficult for me to finish this test in an hour.
=> It’s difficult for this test to be finished in an hour.

13. It’s impossible to V + st
=>St can’t be P2.
Ex: It’s impossible to solve this problem. => This problem can’t be solved.

14. It’s necessary to V + st
=> St should/must be P2.

15. V + St
=> St should/must be P2.
Don’t V + st => St shouldn’t/mustn’t be P2.

16. Câu hỏi đuôi:

Nếu là câu hỏi đuôi thì chia làm 2 bước như sau:
Bước 1: Lấy câu đầu ( bỏ phần câu hỏi đuôi ra) làm bị động bình thường
Bước 2: Lấy câu mới làm đó mà làm câu hỏi đuôi mới.
Vd:
Tom can't translate this novel fluently
Bước 1: chuyển câu đầu thành câu bị động bình thường.
=> This novel can't be translated fluently by Tom.
Bước 2: làm câu hỏi đuôi dựa theo câu này
=> This novel can't be translated fluently by Tom, can it?

LUYỆN TẬP
A. Change the sentences into passive voice:
1. Mary wants her son to finish all his homework before going to bed.
2. He wanted me to call her at once.
3. She expected the company to accept her.
4. My daughter likes me to take him to the zoo every week.
5. He wants someone to repaint his house.
6. They arranged to sell a new house.
7. My mother agreed to take us to the zoo every month.
8. We decided to replace all computer in her office.
9. Mary decided to buy some new furniture.
10. My father arranged to publish a book.
11. Peter advised Daisy to clean her house more frequently.
12. You should cut your hair.
13. My car needs servicing.
14. We should taken care of children.
15. We should cut down these trees.
16. The school needs to be repaired.
17. these book need covering.
18. We have to resurface all roads in this village.
19. It’s your duty to look after her properly.
20. You have to complete this task by next week.
21. It’s her duty to study better.
22. It’s your duty to teach the class well.
23. He saw his wife drive away.
24. My mother made me study very hard.
25. I heard her sing in the room.
26. We watched them dance on the stage.
27. He made his wife do a lot of homework.
28. They let me to enter the room everyday.
29. My mother didn’t let me go out late.
30. She lets her son play football every afternoon.
31. I had a carpenter make a bookshelf.
32. She got him to repair her bike.
33. My mother had someone repaint my house.
34. I had him update my cellphone yesterday.
35. We are not allowed to take part in the contest.
36. Peter suggested that we buy a new car.
37. My mother orders that we finish all homework before going to bed.
38. Pike recommended that she service her car.
39. It is difficult for me to solve this problem.
40. It was easy for us to prepare the party.
41. It is necessary to complete the project at the end of this month.
42. It was essential to repair the building.
43. It is difficult to cover this moutain with pinetrees.
44. It is impossible to build a bridge across this river.
45. It is impossible to find a good job today.
46. Close all windows before going home.
47. Don’t drink that water. It’s polluted.
48. Bring an umbrella with you.
49. Clean your room immediately.

B. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. "What a beautiful shirt you're wearing!"
"Thank you. It ............... especially for me by my mother."
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made
2. I don't understand why the students didn't keep silent while the speech ............
A. has been made B. was made C. would be made D. was being made
3. This is the first time I have seen this car. Where ..................?
A. did it make B. did it made C. was it make D. was it made
4. Today, many serious childhood diseases .................... by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
5. Whole-grain food products …………….. in most large supermarkets across the United States and Canada.
A. now can purchase B. can now be purchased C. now to purchase D. the purchase of which
6. All that rubbish will have to be ............. at once.
A. get rid of B. got rid of C. got rid D. getting rid of
7. "What happened to the postman?" "He ...................... to a new town to work."
A. has sent B. was send C. was sent D. sent
8. Excuse me. Is this seat..................?
A. taking B. took C. occupy D. taken
9. There’s somebody walking behind us. I think ................... .
A. we are following B. we are being followed C. we are followed D. we are being following
10. We’re late. The film .................. by the time we get to the cinema.
A. will already start B. will be already started
C. will already have started D. will be starting
11. I still can not believe it. My bicycle .................. some minutes ago.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
12. Some funny .................. in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happenedC. happens D. is happened
13. The children’s arm was swollen because he .................. by a bee.
A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. had being stung
14. I .................. with you on that subject.
A. am agree B. am agreed C. agreeing D. agree
15. Many U.S automobiles .................. in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
16. When I came, an experiment .................. in the lab.
A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held
17. George is .................. Lisa.
A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to
18. Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill. It ............. everything in its path.
A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed
19. Dynamite ................... by Alfred Bernard Nobel.
A. have been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented
20. .................. this work .................. before you went to Moscow?
A. Will/ have been done B. Has/ been done C. Will/ be done D. Had/ been done
21. If you .................. about it, will you be able to answer?
A. are asked B. ask C. will be asked D. asked
22. Do you believe that such a problem can ...................?
A. solve B. be solving C. is solved D. be solved
23. “ Can’t we do something about the situation?”- “ Something ........ right now.”
A. is doing B. is do C. is being doneD. has been doing
24. The university .................. by private funds as well as by tuition income.
A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported
25. This picture .................... by Johnny when I came.
A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted
26. It must .................. without delay.
A. do B. have been done C. be doing D. be done
27. This exercise may .................. with a pencil.
A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write
28. The money .................. to him 2 months ago, but it .................. back yet.
A. was lent/ had not been given B. has been lent/ was not given
C. was lent/ has not given D. was lent/ has not been given
29. She could easily .................. for a top model.
A. be mistaken B. have mistaken C. been mistaken D. to be mistaken
30. My shirt .................. by my sister on my last birthday.
A. gave B. was given C. had been givenD. was being given

C. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. I don’t want any conclusion ...............before we have all the evidence.
A. be made B. to be made C. being made D. to have been made
2. More than five thousand people..............in the earthquake in Indonesia last year.
A. was said to be died B. were said to be died C. was said to die D. were said to die
3. Gunpower was said .................by the Chinese several centuries ago.
A. to have invented B. to be invented C. to have been inventing D. to be inventing
4. I heard him...................to himself af ter coming back from the party last night.
A. singing B. sung C. to be singing D. to be sung
5. He was seen ................. as stone and ..............it all the police.
A. pick up-throw B. picking up-throw C. picked up-thrown D. to pick up-throw
6. “Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they...........in Russia.
A. were painted B. were paint C. were painting D. painted
7. “David is in prison for smoking drugs.” “He..................that it was against the law.”
A. is telling B. was told C. told D. tells
8. “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from the balllroom.”
“Don’t worry. They ..............them before the dance begins.”
A. will have been moved B. will have moved C. were moved C. moved
9. Gold..............in California in the 19[SUP]th[/SUP] century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discovered
10. ................that military spending is extremely high.
A. We are felt B. It feels C. It is felt D. We feel that it is.

D. Choose the best answer:
1. All planes................before departure.
A. will checked B. will have checked C. will be checked D. will been checked
2. I wanted ..............by the head of the company, but it was impossible.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. being to see
3. Nancy.................at Bob’s house every night this week.
A. has been eaten B. has eating C is being eaten D. has been eating
4. “Where did you get these old dresses?” “We................them in the old truck”
A. were found B. finding C. found D. have been found
5. “What happened to the old mail carrier?” “He................to a new neighbourhood to work.”
A. has sent B. was send C. was sent D. sent
6. “The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long.” “It.............by Peter.”
A. was catching B. caught C. was caught D. catch
7. “I heard you decided to take up tennis.” “Yes, I have............every day.”
A. been played B. been playing C. playing D. play
8. “ Are we about to have dinner?” “Yes, it................in the dining room.”
A. is serving B. serves C. is being served D. served.
9. “Why is Tony in prison?” “He...........of robbery.”
A. has been convicted B. has been convicting C. has convicted D. convicted
10. “Where are Jack and Joseph?” “They..............the boxes you asked for into the house.”
A. have been bringing B. bringing C. have heen brought D. to bring.

TẢI BẢN WORD TẠI ĐÂY
 
Sửa lần cuối bởi điều hành viên:

conan_sea

New member
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ĐÁP ÁN PHẦN CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

A. Change the sentences into passive voice:

  1. Mary wants her son to finish all his homework before going to bed.
Mary wants all her son’s homework to be finished before going to bed.

  1. He wanted me to call her at once.
He wanted her to be called at once.

  1. She expected the company to accept her.
She expected to be accepted by the company.

  1. My daughter likes me to take him to the zoo every week.
My daughter likes to be taken to the zoo by me every week.

  1. He wants someone to repaint his house.
He wants his house to be repainted.

  1. They arranged to sell a new house.
They arranged that a new house should be sold.

  1. My mother agreed to take us to the zoo every month.
My mother agreed that we should be taken to the zoo every month.

  1. We decided to replace all computer in her office.
We decided that all computer in her office should be replaced.

  1. Mary decided to buy some new furniture.
Mary decided that some new furniture should be bought.

  1. My father arranged to publish a book.
My father arranged that a book should be published.

  1. Peter advised Daisy to clean her house more frequently.
Daisy was advised to clean her house more frequently.

  1. You should cut your hair.
Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.

  1. My car needs servicing.
My car needs to be serviced.

  1. We should taken care of children.
Children need to be taken care of/taking care of.

  1. We should cut down these trees.
These trees need cutting down/to be cut.

  1. The school needs to be repaired.
The school needs repairing.

  1. These books need covering.
These books need to be covered.

  1. We have to resurface all roads in this village.
We’re supposed to to resurface all roads in this village.

  1. It’s your duty to look after her properly.
You’re supposed to look after her properly.

  1. You have to complete this task by next week.
You’re supposed to complete this task by next week.

  1. It’s her duty to study better.
She’s supposed to study better.

  1. It’s your duty to teach the class well.
You’re supposed to teach the class well.

  1. He saw his wife drive away.
His wife was seen to drive away.

  1. My mother made me study very hard.
I was made to study very hard.

  1. I heard her sing in the room.
She was heard to sing in the room.

  1. We watched them dance on the stage.
They were watched to dance on the stage.

  1. He made his wife do a lot of homework.
His wife was made to do a lot of homework.

  1. They let me to enter the room everyday.
I was let enter the room every day.

  1. My mother didn’t let me go out late.
I wasn’t let go out late by my mother.

  1. She lets her son play football every afternoon.
Her son is let play football every afternoon.

  1. I had a carpenter make a bookshelf.
I had a bookshelf made by a carpenter.

  1. She got him to repair her bike.
She got her bike repaired by him.

  1. My mother had someone repaint my house.
My mother had my house repainted.

  1. I had him update my cellphone yesterday.
I had my cellphone updated yesterday.

  1. We are not allowed to take part in the contest.
We aren’t let take part in the contest.

  1. Peter suggested that we buy a new car.
It was suggested that a new car be bought

  1. My mother orders that we finish all homework before going to bed.
It is ordered that all homework be finished before going to bed.

  1. Pike recommended that she service her car.
It was recommended that her car be serviced

  1. It is difficult for me to solve this problem.
It is difficult for this problem to be solved.

  1. It was easy for us to prepare the party.
It was easy for the party to be prepared.

  1. It is necessary to complete the project at the end of this month.
The project should be completed at the end of this month.

  1. It was essential to repair the building.
The building should be repaired.

  1. It is difficult to cover this moutain with pinetrees.
It is difficult for this mountain to be covered with pinetress.

  1. It is impossible to build a bridge across this river.
A bridge can’t be built across this river.

  1. It is impossible to find a good job today.
A good job can’t be found today.

  1. Close all windows before going home.
All indows should be closed before you go home.

  1. Don’t drink that water. It’s polluted.
That water shouldn’t be drunk. It’s polluted.

  1. Bring an umbrella with you.
An umbrella should be brought with you.

  1. Clean your room immediately.
Your room should be cleaned immediately.

B. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. "What a beautiful shirt you're wearing!"
"Thank you. It ............... especially for me by my mother."
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made
2. I don't understand why the students didn't keep silent while the speech ............
A. has been made B. was made C. would be made D. was being made
3. This is the first time I have seen this car. Where ..................?
A. did it make B. did it made C. was it make D. was it made
4. Today, many serious childhood diseases .................... by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
5. Whole-grain food products …………….. in most large supermarkets across the United States and Canada.
A. now can purchase B. can now be purchased C. now to purchase D. the purchase of which
6. All that rubbish will have to be ............. at once.
A. get rid of B. got rid of C. got rid D. getting rid of
7. "What happened to the postman?" "He ...................... to a new town to work."
A. has sent B. was send C. was sent D. sent
8. Excuse me. Is this seat..................?
A. taking B. took C. occupy D. taken
9. There’s somebody walking behind us. I think ................... .
A. we are following B. we are being followed C. we are followed D. we are being following
10. We’re late. The film .................. by the time we get to the cinema.
A. will already start B. will be already started
C. will already have started D. will be starting
11. I still can not believe it. My bicycle .................. some minutes ago.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
12. Some funny .................. in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
13. The children’s arm was swollen because he .................. by a bee.
A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. had being stung
14. I .................. with you on that subject.
A. am agree B. am agreed C. agreeing D. agree
15. Many U.S automobiles .................. in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
16. When I came, an experiment .................. in the lab.
A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held
17. George is .................. Lisa.
A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to
18. Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill. It ............. everything in its path.
A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed
19. Dynamite ................... by Alfred Bernard Nobel.
A. have been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented
20. .................. this work .................. before you went to Moscow?
A. Will/ have been done B. Has/ been done C. Will/ be done D. Had/ been done
21. If you .................. about it, will you be able to answer?
A. are asked B. ask C. will be asked D. asked
22. Do you believe that such a problem can ...................?
A. solve B. be solving C. is solved D. be solved
23. “ Can’t we do something about the situation?”- “ Something ........ right now.”
A. is doing B. is do C. is being done D. has been doing
24. The university .................. by private funds as well as by tuition income.
A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported
25. This picture .................... by Johnny when I came.
A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted
26. It must .................. without delay.
A. do B. have been done C. be doing D. be done
27. This exercise may .................. with a pencil.
A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write
28. The money .................. to him 2 months ago, but it .................. back yet.
A. was lent/ had not been given B. has been lent/ was not given
C. was lent/ has not given D. was lent/ has not been given
29. She could easily .................. for a top model.
A. be mistaken B. have mistaken C. been mistaken D. to be mistaken
30. My shirt .................. by my sister on my last birthday.
A. gave B. was given C. had been givenD. was being given

C. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. I don’t want any conclusion ...............before we have all the evidence.
A. be made B. to be made C. being made D. to have been made
2. More than five thousand people..............in the earthquake in Indonesia last year.
A. was said to be died B. were said to be died C. was said to die D. were said to die
3. Gunpower was said .................by the Chinese several centuries ago.
A. to have invented B. to be invented C. to have been inventing D. to be inventing
4. I heard him...................to himself af ter coming back from the party last night.
A. singing B. sung C. to be singing D. to be sung
5. He was seen ................. as stone and ..............it all the police.
A. pick up-throw B. picking up-throw C. picked up-thrown D. to pick up-throw
6. “Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they...........in Russia.
A. were painted B. were paint C. were painting D. painted
7. “David is in prison for smoking drugs.” “He..................that it was against the law.”
A. is telling B. was told C. told D. tells
8. “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from the balllroom.”
“Don’t worry. They ..............them before the dance begins.”
A. will have been moved B. will have moved C. were moved C. moved
9. Gold..............in California in the 19[SUP]th[/SUP] century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discovered
10. ................that military spending is extremely high.
A. We are felt B. It feels C. It is felt D. We feel that it is.

D. Choose the best answer:
1. All planes................before departure.
A. will checked B. will have checked C. will be checked D. will been checked
2. I wanted ..............by the head of the company, but it was impossible.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. being to see
3. Nancy.................at Bob’s house every night this week.
A. has been eaten B. has eating C is being eaten D. has been eating
4. “Where did you get these old dresses?” “We................them in the old truck”
A. were found B. finding C. found D. have been found
5. “What happened to the old mail carrier?” “He................to a new neighbourhood to work.”
A. has sent B. was send C. was sent D. sent
6. “The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long.” “It.............by Peter.”
A. was catching B. caught C. was caught D. catch
7. “I heard you decided to take up tennis.” “Yes, I have............every day.”
A. been played B. been playing C. playing D. play
8. “ Are we about to have dinner?” “Yes, it................in the dining room.”
A. is serving B. serves C. is being served D. served.
9. “Why is Tony in prison?” “He...........of robbery.”
A. has been convicted B. has been convicting C. has convicted D. convicted
10. “Where are Jack and Joseph?” “They..............the boxes you asked for into the house.”
A. have been bringing B. bringing C. have been brought D. to bring.

Một số cấu trúc cần chú ý ở phần này:
Take care of = look after: trông nom, chăm sóc
Cut down: đốn hạ
Cut st down to.....: Cắt st giảm đến.....
Cut down on st: cắt giảm st
Cut sb down = to kill sb: giết chết ai đó.
To make/give/deliver a speech (on st): Phát biểu (về st)
To prevent sb/st from Ving = stop sb/st from Ving: Ngăn cản ai đó làm gì/ngăn điều gì đó xảy ra
To give up = to get rid of
To be married to sb: Kết hôn với sb (không nhầm với “with”)
To mistake A for B: Nhầm A với B
To convict sb of a crime: tuyên bố sb phạm tội...
 

conan_sea

New member
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Câu điều kiện - thể giả định

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

A. Lý thuyết:
I. Câu điều kiện:
Nhắc lại các sử dụng, cấu trúc của 3 loại câu điều kiện cơ bản:


If - clause Main clause
- Type 1: S + V (htđ), S + V ( will do )

- Type 2: S + V (qkđ), S + would (could, should, might) + V

- Type 3: S + had + P2, S + V would have P2

Ex : I’ll pick you up at the part if you phone me.
* Note : Unless = If … not
Ex: If I were you, I wouldn't do such a thing.
Ex : If he had taken his father’s advice yesterday, he would not have got wet.

II. Mix conditionals:
Cách dùng:
Câu điều kiện này diễn tả điều kiện giả định ở quá khứ và kết quả khộng được thực hiện ở hiện tại
Cấu trúc:
If S + had + P2, S + would (could, should, might) + V

III. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Đã học ở bài Inversion)
Đảo ngữ trong cầu điều kiện được dùng trong văn phong trang trọng.
Ex: If she appears, please tell her to wait for me. => Should she appear, please tell her to wait for me.
If I were in your position, I wouldn’t do that. => Were I in your position, I wouldn’t do that.
If he hadn’t missed the train, he would be here now. => Had he not missed the train, he would…..

IV. Các từ khác có thể thay thế cho If:
- Unless = If…..not (trừ khi)
Ex: If he doesn’t come, I’ll bring this package to him. à Unless he comes, I’ll bring this package to him.

- In case (phòng khi)

Trong mệnh đề theo sau in case, ta thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì quá khứ đơn, không dùng will hoặc would
Ex: I always take an umbrella in case it rains.

- With/Without/But for

With/Without (nếu có/nếu không có”, but for (nếu không có) được dùng như một dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề if
With/Without/But for + danh từ/cụm danh từ.
Ex: If you help me, I can finish this assignment. à With your help, I can……
If you hadn’t helped me, I couln’t have finished this assignment.
à Without your help, I couldn’t………..
If it hadn’t rained, we would have had a nice holiday. à But for the rain, we would……
Trong trường hợp này, without cũng tương đương với cấu trúc “If it were not for….” Hoặc “If it hadn’t been for….”
Ex: Without your help, I couldn’t finish this assignment. à If it were not for your help, I couldn’t ….
But for/Without your map, we would have lost our way. à If it had not bên for your map, we would have lost our way.
- Providing (that)/provided (that) = miễn là: Được dùng để thay thế cho If khi người nói có ý nhấn mạnh sự hạn chế.
Ex: You can borrow my bike provided/providing (that) you bring it back tomorrow morning.

- As long as/so long as (miễn là):
tương tự Providing (that)/provided (that)
Ex: You can stay with us as/so long as you share the expense.

- Otherwise (nếu không thì):
được dùng để thay thế cho if và liên quan đến một ý tưởng đã nói trong câu trước.
Ex: You must read the instructions; otherwise, you don’t know hơ to use it.

The subjuntive – Thể cầu khiến/Giải định
1. Định nghĩa: Câu giả đinh, hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ 2 làm một việc gì. Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có “to” của các động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến. Thường có ‘that” trong câu giả định trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt.
2. Các mẫu câu giả định:
Mẫu 1:

S1 + V1 (that) S2 + (should) V(inf)

Chú ý:
- V1 = advise, beg, ask, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest, urge, decree, dictate, intend, order, require, resolve…
- Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không “to”. Nếu muốn thành lậ thể phủ định thì đặt “not” sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ “to”.
- Nếu bỏ “that” thì chủ ngữ 2 trở về dạng tân ngữ, động từ 2 đưa về dạng nguyên thể có “to”, câu mất đi tính chất giả định, trở thành một dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
Ex:
The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking.
Donna requested Frank come to the party.
I suggested that he study harder
Dave recommended that you join the committee….

Mẫu 2:


It + be + adj + that + S + V(inf)


Lưu ý:
- Adj = advised, necessary, recommended, urgent, important, obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested, best, crucial, desirable, essentian, vital
Ngoại lệ: It is a good idea (that)/It is a bad idea (that)

Mẫu 3:


Noun + that + S + V(inf)


N = advice, condition, demand, directive, intention, order, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion, wish ….
Ex: My advice is that the company invest in new equipment.
She is free to leave, on dondition that she commit no further offence.
His deep wish is that his daughter go to university.
There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court.

Mẫu 4:


It + be + time/hightime + S + Vqkđ


Ex: It’s time I got to the airport.
It’s hightime the city government did something to stop the traffic jam.

Câu điều ước với “wish”:


Điều ước ở hiện tại : S1 + wish + S2 + Vqkđ/qktd/were
I wish I had a car (I don’t have a car now)

We wish it weren’t raining now (It is raining now)


Điều ước ở tương lai:
S 1 + wish + S2 + would/could + V
I wish I could go to the party tomorrow. (But I can’t)

She wish you would be there with her next week. (but you won’t be there with her next week).

Điều ước ở quá khứ:
S1 + wish + S2 + had P2
S1 + wish + S2 + could/ would have P2
I wish I hadn’t gone to that party (but I went there)

I wish ou would have told me the truth. (but you didn’t)
They wish he could have joined that trip with them. (but he didn’t)


Chú ý:
“If only” (giá mà, giá như) được dùng như “wish” nhưng mang sắc thái biểu cảm hơn.
“As if/As though” (như thể là)
Ex: He is always speaking to me as if he were my father.
He said as if/as though he had been there at that time.

2. Luyện tập:

Exercise 1: Cho đúng dạng của các động từ trong ngoặc:
1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you.
2. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me?
3. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you
4. If he had worked hard, he could (earn) enough money
5. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago.
6. If I (know) that you were coming I’d have baked a cake.
7. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
8. If Liz studies hard, she (pass) her test.
9. If I have time tomorrow, I (go) shopping with you.
10. If you (turn) off the light, we will be in the dark.

Exercise 2: Viết câu đảo ngữ cho các câu sau:

  1. If you see Duc, give him my messagge, please.
  2. If the drought had not lowered the reservoir, the ancient villaage would not have been discovered.
  3. If Alan had breakfast, he wouldn’t over eat at lunch.
  4. If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
  5. If we had a map, we could find the way.
  6. If I had gone to the post office, I would have bought some stamps.
  7. A prevention would have been found if money had been spent on research.
  8. If I knew her address, I’d give it to you.
  9. If it were not rainy, we would go fishing.
  10. If I lived out of town, I would take up the garden.

Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:
1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ___________ you.
A. were B. would be C.did D. am
2. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known, I _______ to visit you.
A. would have gone B. would go C. will go D. went
3. If I _____________ a motorbike, I would have gone home immediately.
A. had had B. had C. have had D. would have had
4. If we hadn’t gone by coach, we wouldn’t __________ carsick.
A. have got B. have get C. get D. had got
5. “I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me.” means ___________.
A. If I had had some money on me, I would have got a taxi.
B. If I had some money on me, I would get a taxi.
C. If I hadn’t had some money on me, I wouldn’t have got a taxi.
D. If I didn’t have some money on me, I wouldn’t get a taxi.
6. If you ___________ to the receptionist, she ________ you where I was.
A.have spoken …..could have told B.had spoken …could have told
C.spoke …could have told D.had spoken …..could tell
7. If I __________ a journalist, I ___________ able to travel a lot.
A.were …will be B.had been …would be
C.were…would be D.am …would ..be
8. If I _________ your keys, I __________ them to you.
A.found …will send B.will find …send
C.find …will send D.find ...would send
9. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
A. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday
B. If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t have gone on holiday
C. We would go on holiday if we had enough money
D. We wouldn’t go on holiday if we didn’t have enough money
10. If Peter ___________ he would come.
A. is invited B. was invited C. were invited D. has been invited
11. If the police had not saved me, I _________ at that time.
A. will die B. would die C. will have died D. would have died
12. If I __________breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry during class.
A. did not eat B. don't eat C. eat D. ate
13. “I didn't listen to him in the past and I don't succeed now. ” →_______________
A. If I had listened to him in the past, I would have succeeded now.
B. If I listened to him in the past, I would succeed now.
C. If I had listened to him in the past, I would succeed now.
D. Did I listen to him in the past, I will succeed now.
14. If my grand father were still alive, he _________ a hundred today.
A. would be B. will be C. will have been D. would have been
15. If the police ________ him, he would spend at least five years in prison.
A. was to catch B. were to catch C. catch D. were caught
16. If I …….10 years younger, I ……the job.
A. am/will take B. was/have taken C. were/would take D. had been/will have taken
17. ………I had learnt English when I was at high school.
A. Unless B. Even if C. If D. If only
18. You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities………you are a member.
A. unless B. if C. provided D. supposed
19. If she ………..the train last night, she………here now.
A. took/were B. were taking/is C. had taken/would be D. had taken/would have been
20. …….if a war happened?
A. What you would do B. What will you do C. What you will do D. What would you do
21. ……..I to send her a fax if I knew her number.
A. Should B. If C. Had D. Were
22. …….more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter driven B. If had Peter driven C. Had Peter driven D. Unless Peter had driven
23. If I……..get a pole, I’ll go fishing
A. can B. could C. may D. might.
24. I think that ì you………them that our invitaion still stands, they………it another thought.
A. told-will give B. told-would give C. tell-would give D. told-would have given
25. I would have preapred everything yesterday if I ……..your message on Monday.
A. had received B. have received C. would have received D. received
26. Yesterday I met a very beautiful girl I reallywant to see her again but I don’t know how to go about it. I wish…..
A. I knew her address B. I will meet her tomorrow
C. I didn’t meet her yesterday D. I had known her address
27. I wish you…………..to me before you went and bought that car.
A. spoke B. have spoken C. had spoken D. would have spoken
28. I wish I …………that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.
A. had known B. know C. knew D. have known
29. If only he ………..harder, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. worked B. would work C. had worked D. has worked
30. He always talk as though he …………a public meeting.
A. addressing B. addressed C. were addressing D. is addressing.
31. He talks as if he …….all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.
A. was doing B. had done C. did D. has done
32. If only we………..a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transport.
A. were B. had C. have D. are
33. If only we …….more time, we could have seen more of the country.
A. would have had B. have had C. had had D. had
34. She treats us as if we………all idiots.
A. are B. had been C. have been D. were
35. The cheese looks as if rats ………it.
A. nibbled B. were being nibbled C. had nibbled D. nibbling
36. I wish I ……….so much money when I was in town yesterday.
A. wouldn’t spend B. didn’t spend C. hadn’t spent D. wouldn’t have spent
37. You talk as though it ……..a small thing to leave your country forever.
A. is B. were C. will be D. would be
38. Everybody feels sorry for him and says that “If only he …………more time revising”.
A. had spent B. spent C. should have spent D. would have spent
39. He looks as though he …………….a square meal in his life, but in fact his wife feeds him very well.
A. has never got B. never gets C. never got D. had never got
40. If only he ……..accept some help with the work instead of trying research.
A. can B. may C. would D. were
41. If only he………told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.
A. had B. has C. would have D. should have
42. I wish I ………..to rewrite my essay. I only made it worse.
A. hadn’t tried B. wouldn’t try C. didn’t try D. wouldn’t have tried.
43. I wish I ……….you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. will lend
44. Last year the potato harvest was very disappointing but this year it looks………..we shall have a better crop.
A. as though B. like that C. like D. to be that.
45. That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I ………….eyes in him
A. had never set B. would have set C. would never have set D. would have never set
46. When he is asked to say about it, it is clear that he knows nothing about their secret but they treat him as if he………all about it.
A. knew B. had known C. would know D. must know
47. I feel terrible. The heavy truck raced by me at full speed. I feel as if I ……….over.
A. was run B. have been run C. had been run D. was being run
48. She speaks English as though it …………her native language.
A. is B. being C. were D. be
49. My sister says she can’t come to the party with us. We wish she ………her mind and ……to come with us.
A. changed-decided B. will change-decide
C. had changed-decided D. would change – decide
50. The cat turned her head toward John and looked at him quizzically, alomost as if she ………what he said.
A. understands B. understood C. had understood D. would have understood
51. This evening the surface of the lake is completely still. It looks as if it…….of glass.
A. is made B. was made C. were made D. has been made
52. Why didn’t you tell me about this before? I certainly wish I ……….earlier.
A. were informed B. was informed C. would be informed D. had been informed
53. I know a farmer who talks to his animals as if they…….people.
A. are B. would be C. were D. had been
54. Ann is grown up now. You shouldn’t speak to her as if she……….a child.
A. is B. were C. had been D. would be
55. We became good friends almost immediately. After talking to each other for only a short time, we felt as if we………each other all of our lives.
A. knew B. had known C. know D. have known
56. It is important that he ………well in his exam.
A. does B. did C. do D. will do
57. I requested that he……..because he was making so much noise.
A. should leave B. must have left C. would leave D. should have left.
58. The local council recommended that John………..to the head of the department.
A. is appointed B. was appointed C. be appointed D. could be appointed
59. It’s necessary that the train……….on time.
A. is B. will be C. would be D. be
60. Rose suggested…………a suit and tie when he went for the interview.
A. him to wear B. he wear C. he must wear D. that he wears
61. She urged that her husband…….the letter.
A. write B. wrote C. had written D. has written
62. The doctor recommended that John………for a couple of days.
A. could rest B. might rest C. must rest D. rest
63. The officer demanded that the soldiers………the hill.
A. captured B. would capture C. had captured D. capture
64. We suggested that she…………the 10.30 train immediately
A. take B. may take C. might take D. has to take
65. Our teacher insists that we………more careful in our writings.
A. are B. were C. would be D. be
66. The movie director insisted that everything about his productions………authentic.
A. would be B. is C. can be D. be
67. It is essential that pollution…….and eventually.
A. must be controlled – must be eliminated B. be controlled – be eliminated
C. is controlled – is eliminated D. Both B and C are correct
68. The students requested that the test……., but the professor decided against a postponement.
A. be postponed B. postponed C. could be postponed D. must be postponed
69. the director recommended that all the staff……anyone outside the company during the training session.
A. do not contact B. not contact C. cannot contact D. must not contact
70. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm…….immediately was approved.
A. must be evacuated B. be evacuated
C. ought to be evacuated D. had to be evacuated
71. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby……………after her husband’s father.
A. could be named B. be named C. must be named D. ought to be named
72. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we …….the meeting outside.
A. could have B. had C. might have D. have
73. I requested that first-year students…..to change their courses in the first two weeks.
A. are permitted B. be permitted C. were permitted D. would be permitted
74. His advisor recommended that he …….at least three courses each semester.
A. takes B. can take C. should take D. would take
75. It is important that he ………to the director of the programme.
A. must speak B. speak C. would speak D. speaks
76. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!”
A. He said, “Hurrah” that they had won the match
B. He said with joy that they have won the match.
C. He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
D. He said that they have won the match.
77. My father said to me, “Why are you late? Did you missed the train?”
A. My father told me why was I late and did I miss the train.
B. My father asked me why was I late and did I miss the train.
C. My father asked me why you were late and if you missed the train.
D. My father asked me why I was late and whether I had missed the train.
78. I said to him, “I’m very angry with you. Go away”
A. I said that I am very angry with you and go away.
B. I said that I was very angry with you and went away.
C. I said that I was very angry with him and told him to go away.
D. I said that he was very angry with me and told me to go away.
79. “What do you want?” he asked me.
A. He asked me what I want B. He asked me what I wanted
C. He asked me what do I want D. He asked me what did I want
80. She said, “Don’t smile, John. Be serious”
A. She said not to smile and be serious
B. She said John not to smile and be serious.
C. She told John do not smile and be serious.
D. She told John not to smile and asked him to be serious.
81. Tom said, “I must leave at eight” => Tom said that he…………leave at eight.
A. must B. had C. had to D. have to
82. Mary said, “I should go to the library” => Mary said that she………..to the library.
A. should go B. should have gone C. ought to D. better go
83. She said, “I ought to help him” => She said that she……help him.
A. should to B. ought to C. had to D. better.
84. They said, “We might come early” => They said that they………come early
A. might B. may C. must D. had to
85. They said, “We may come early.” => They said that they………come early.
A. might B. probably C. must D. may
86. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” => He asked why…..the final exam
A. she took B. did she take C. she had taken D. she hadn’t taken
87. I asked my sister to tell me what she………at the museum.
A. had seen B. has seen C. was seeing D. had been seeing

TẢI BẢN WORD TẠI ĐÂY
 

conan_sea

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Chỉnh sửa: Có một số nhầm lẫn trên đề bài, các bạn lưu ý. Câu đúng là:

21. ...... I to know her number I would send her a fax.
A. Should B. If C. Had D. Were


24. I think that if you………them that our invitation still stands, they………it another thought.
A. tell-will give B. told-would give C. tell-would give D. told-would have given
 

conan_sea

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ĐÁP ÁN PHẦN CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN - THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH


Exercise 1: Cho đúng dạng của các động từ trong ngoặc:

1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you. - were
2. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me? – would you visit
3. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you – would have visited
4. If he had worked hard, he could (earn) enough money- have earned
5. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago. – would have reached
6. If I (know) that you were coming I’d have baked a cake. – had known
7. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. – would have offered
8. If Liz studies hard, she (pass) her test. – will pass
9. If I have time tomorrow, I (go) shopping with you – will go.
10. If you (turn) off the light, we will be in the dark. – turn

Exercise 2: Viết câu đảo ngữ cho các câu sau:
1. If you see Duc, give him my messagge, please.
Should you see Duc, give him.....
2. If the drought had not lowered the reservoir, the ancient village would not have been discovered.
Had the drought not lowered the ...................
3. If Alan had breakfast, he wouldn’t over eat at lunch.
Were Alan to have breakfast, ................
4. If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
Had it not been..................
5. If we had a map, we could find the way.
Were we to have a map, we..................
6. If I had gone to the post office, I would have bought some stamps.
Had I gone to..............
7. A prevention would have been found if money had been spent on research.
Had money been spent on research, a prevention would have been found.
8. If I knew her address, I’d give it to you.
Were I to know her addresss,.........
9. If it were not rainy, we would go fishing.
Were it not rainy, we would........
10. If I lived out of town, I would take up the garden.
Were I to live out of town, I............

Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:
1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ___________ you.
A. were B. would be C.did D. am

2. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known, I _______ to visit you.
A. would have gone B. would go C. will go D. went

3. If I _____________ a motorbike, I would have gone home immediately.
A. had had B. had C. have had D. would have had

4. If we hadn’t gone by coach, we wouldn’t __________ carsick.
A. have got B. have get C. get D. had got

5. “I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me.” means ___________.
A. If I had had some money on me, I would have got a taxi.
B. If I had some money on me, I would get a taxi.
C. If I hadn’t had some money on me, I wouldn’t have got a taxi.
D. If I didn’t have some money on me, I wouldn’t get a taxi.

6. If you ___________ to the receptionist, she ________ you where I was.
A.have spoken …..could have told B.had spoken …could have told
C.spoke …could have told D.had spoken …..could tell

7. If I __________ a journalist, I ___________ able to travel a lot.
A.were …will be B.had been …would be
C.were…would be D.am …would ..be

8. If I _________ your keys, I __________ them to you.
A.found …will send B.will find …send
C.find …will send D.find ...would send

9. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
A. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday
B. If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t have gone on holiday
C. We would go on holiday if we had enough money
D. We wouldn’t go on holiday if we didn’t have enough money

10. If Peter ___________ he would come.
A. is invited B. was invited C. were invited D. has been invited

11. If the police had not saved me, I _________ at that time.
A. will die B. would die C. will have died D. would have died

12. If I __________breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry during class.
A. did not eat B. don't eat C. eat D. ate

13. “I didn't listen to him in the past and I don't succeed now. ” →_______________
A. If I had listened to him in the past, I would have succeeded now.
B. If I listened to him in the past, I would succeed now.
C. If I had listened to him in the past, I would succeed now.
D. Did I listen to him in the past, I will succeed now.

14. If my grand father were still alive, he _________ a hundred today.
A. would be B. will be C. will have been D. would have been

15. If the police ________ him, he would spend at least five years in prison.
A. was to catch B. were to catch C. catch D. were caught

16. If I …….10 years younger, I ……the job.
A. am/will take B. was/have taken C. were/would take D. had been/will have taken

17. ………I had learnt English when I was at high school.
A. Unless B. Even if C. If D. If only

18. You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities………you are a member.
A. unless B. if C. provided D. supposed

19. If she ………..the train last night, she………here now.
A. took/were B. were taking/is C. had taken/would be D. had taken/would have been

20. …….if a war happened?
A. What you would do B. What will you do C. What you will do D. What would you do

21. ...... I to know her number I would send her a fax.
A. Should B. If C. Had D. Were

22. …….more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter driven B. If had Peter driven C. Had Peter driven D. Unless Peter had driven

23. If I……..get a pole, I’ll go fishing
A. can B. could C. may D. might.

24. I think that if you………them that our invitation still stands, they………it another thought.
A. tell-will give B. told-would give C. tell-would give D. told-would have given

25. I would have preapred everything yesterday if I ……..your message on Monday.
A. had received B. have received C. would have received D. received

26. Yesterday I met a very beautiful girl I reallywant to see her again but I don’t know how to go about it. I wish…..
A. I knew her address B. I will meet her tomorrow
C. I didn’t meet her yesterday D. I had known her address

27. I wish you…………..to me before you went and bought that car.
A. spoke B. have spoken C. had spoken D. would have spoken

28. I wish I …………that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.
A. had known B. know C. knew D. have known

29. If only he ………..harder, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. worked B. would work C. had worked D. has worked

30. He always talk as though he …………a public meeting.
A. addressing B. addressed C. were addressing D. is addressing.

31. He talks as if he …….all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.
A. was doing B. had done C. did D. has done

32. If only we………..a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transport.
A. were B. had C. have D. are

33. If only we …….more time, we could have seen more of the country.
A. would have had B. have had C. had had D. had

34. She treats us as if we………all idiots.
A. are B. had been C. have been D. were

35. The cheese looks as if rats ………it.
A. nibbled B. were being nibbled C. had nibbled D. nibbling

36. I wish I ……….so much money when I was in town yesterday.
A. wouldn’t spend B. didn’t spend C. hadn’t spent D. wouldn’t have spent

37. You talk as though it ……..a small thing to leave your country forever.
A. is B. were C. will be D. would be

38. Everybody feels sorry for him and says that “If only he …………more time revising”.
A. had spent B. spent C. should have spent D. would have spent

39. He looks as though he …………….a square meal in his life, but in fact his wife feeds him very well.
A. has never got B. never gets C. never got D. had never got

40. If only he ……..accept some help with the work instead of trying research.
A. can B. may C. would D. were

41. If only he………told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.
A. had B. has C. would have D. should have

42. I wish I ………..to rewrite my essay. I only made it worse.
A. hadn’t tried B. wouldn’t try C. didn’t try D. wouldn’t have tried.

43. I wish I ……….you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. will lend

44. Last year the potato harvest was very disappointing but this year it looks………..we shall have a better crop.
A. as though B. like that C. like D. to be that.

45. That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I ………….eyes in him
A. had never set B. would have set C. would never have set D. would have never set

46. When he is asked to say about it, it is clear that he knows nothing about their secret but they treat him as if he………all about it.
A. knew B. had known C. would know D. must know

47. I feel terrible. The heavy truck raced by me at full speed. I feel as if I ……….over.
A. was run B. have been run C. had been run D. was being run

48. She speaks English as though it …………her native language.
A. is B. being C. were D. be

49. My sister says she can’t come to the party with us. We wish she ………her mind and ……to come with us.
A. changed-decided B. will change-decide
C. had changed-decided D. would change – decide

50. The cat turned her head toward John and looked at him quizzically, alomost as if she ………what he said.
A. understands B. understood C. had understood D. would have understood

51. This evening the surface of the lake is completely still. It looks as if it…….of glass.
A. is made B. was made C. were made D. has been made

52. Why didn’t you tell me about this before? I certainly wish I ……….earlier.
A. were informed B. was informed C. would be informed D. had been informed

53. I know a farmer who talks to his animals as if they…….people.
A. are B. would be C. were D. had been

54. Ann is grown up now. You shouldn’t speak to her as if she……….a child.
A. is B. were C. had been D. would be

55. We became good friends almost immediately. After talking to each other for only a short time, we felt as if we………each other all of our lives.
A. knew B. had known C. know D. have known

56. It is important that he ………well in his exam.
A. does B. did C. do D. will do

57. I requested that he……..because he was making so much noise.
A. should leave B. must have left C. would leave D. should have left.

58. The local council recommended that John………..to the head of the department.
A. is appointed B. was appointed C. be appointed D. could be appointed

59. It’s necessary that the train……….on time.
A. is B. will be C. would be D. be

60. Rose suggested…………a suit and tie when he went for the interview.
A. him to wear B. he wear C. he must wear D. that he wears

61. She urged that her husband…….the letter.
A. write B. wrote C. had written D. has written

62. The doctor recommended that John………for a couple of days.
A. could rest B. might rest C. must rest D. rest

63. The officer demanded that the soldiers………the hill.
A. captured B. would capture C. had captured D. capture

64. We suggested that she…………the 10.30 train immediately
A. take B. may take C. might take D. has to take

65. Our teacher insists that we………more careful in our writings.
A. are B. were C. would be D. be

66. The movie director insisted that everything about his productions………authentic.
A. would be B. is C. can be D. be

67. It is essential that pollution…….and eventually.........
A. must be controlled – must be eliminated B. be controlled – be eliminated
C. is controlled – is eliminated D. Both B and C are correct

68. The students requested that the test……., but the professor decided against a postponement.
A. be postponed B. postponed C. could be postponed D. must be postponed

69. the director recommended that all the staff……anyone outside the company during the training session.
A. do not contact B. not contact C. cannot contact D. must not contact

70. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm…….immediately was approved.
A. must be evacuated B. be evacuated
C. ought to be evacuated D. had to be evacuated

71. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby……………after her husband’s father.
A. could be named B. be named C. must be named D. ought to be named

72. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we …….the meeting outside.
A. could have B. had C. might have D. have

73. I requested that first-year students…..to change their courses in the first two weeks.
A. are permitted B. be permitted C. were permitted D. would be permitted

74. His advisor recommended that he …….at least three courses each semester.
A. takes B. can take C. should take D. would take

75. It is important that he ………to the director of the programme.
A. must speak B. speak C. would speak D. speaks

76. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!”
A. He said, “Hurrah” that they had won the match
B. He said with joy that they have won the match.
C. He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
D. He said that they have won the match.

77. My father said to me, “Why are you late? Did you missed the train?”
A. My father told me why was I late and did I miss the train.
B. My father asked me why was I late and did I miss the train.
C. My father asked me why you were late and if you missed the train.
D. My father asked me why I was late and whether I had missed the train.

78. I said to him, “I’m very angry with you. Go away”
A. I said that I am very angry with you and go away.
B. I said that I was very angry with you and went away.
C. I said that I was very angry with him and told him to go away.
D. I said that he was very angry with me and told me to go away.

79. “What do you want?” he asked me.
A. He asked me what I want B. He asked me what I wanted
C. He asked me what do I want D. He asked me what did I want

80. She said, “Don’t smile, John. Be serious”
A. She said not to smile and be serious
B. She said John not to smile and be serious.
C. She told John do not smile and be serious.
D. She told John not to smile and asked him to be serious.

81. Tom said, “I must leave at eight” => Tom said that he…………leave at eight.
A. must B. had C. had to D. have to

82. Mary said, “I should go to the library” => Mary said that she………..to the library.
A. should go B. should have gone C. ought to D. better go

83. She said, “I ought to help him” => She said that she……help him.
A. should to B. ought to C. had to D. better.

84. They said, “We might come early” => They said that they………come early
A. might B. may C. must D. had to

85. They said, “We may come early.” => They said that they………come early.
A. might B. probably C. must D. may

86. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” => He asked why…..the final exam
A. she took B. did she take C. she had taken D. she hadn’t taken

87. I asked my sister to tell me what she………at the museum.
A. had seen B. has seen C. was seeing D. had been seeing
 
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Cách nhận biết loại từ dựa vào vị trí và cấu tạo từ


DƯỚI ĐÂY LÀ NHỮNG CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT THÔNG DỤNG NHẤT, CHỨ CHƯA THỂ BAO QUÁT ĐƯỢC TẤT CẢ CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP. NÊN NHỚ, TIẾNG ANH BAO GIỜ CŨNG CÓ NGOẠI LỆ :)


CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT LOẠI TỪ DỰA VÀO VỊ TRÍ
Danh từ(nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
1.Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Ex: Maths is the subject I like best.
Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.

2. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful....

Ex: She is a good teacher.
His father works in hospital.

3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ

Ex: I like English.
We are students.

4. Sau “enough”

Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.

5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....(Lưu ý cấu trúc
a/an/the + adj + noun)
Ex: This book is an interesting book.

6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at......

Ex: Thanh is good at literature.

7. Đứng trước danh từ để tạo thành danh từ ghép:

Science books, shool girls....

II. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N
Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.

2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj

Ex: She is beautiful
Tom seems tired now.
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj
Ex: He makes me happy

3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj...

Ex: He is too short to play basketball.

4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough...

Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.

5. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that

Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home

6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as....as)

Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish.
Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class

7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V

What + (a/an) + adj + N

III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tàn suất: often, always, usually, seldom....)
Ex: They often get up at 6am.

2. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường

Ex: I have recently finished my homework.
TĐT adv V

3. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj

Ex: She is very nice.
Adv adj

4. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv

Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.

5. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough

Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.

6. Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that

Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.

7. Đứng cuối câu

Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.

8. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,)

Ex: Last summer, I came back my home country
My parents had gone to bed when I got home.
It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school.
Generally, they didn’t do anything.

IV. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).
Ex: My family has five people.
I believe her because she always tells the truth.
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.

CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI DỰA VÀO CẤU TẠO TỪ KHI LÀM BÀI TẬP ĐIỀN TỪ

I. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness...........

II. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring

III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly

Lưu ý: Một số từ có dạng adj, adv đặc biệt
Good => well fast => fast hard => hard late => late (trễ)

Tính từ đuôi “ly”

Daily: hàng ngày
Early: sớm
Elderly: già, lớn tuổi
Friendly: thânthiện
Likely: có khả năng sẽ xảy ra
Costly = đắt đỏ
Friendly = thân thiện
Lively = sinh động
Lonely = lẻ loi
Lovely = đáng yêu
Manly = nam tính
Silly = ngớ ngẩn
Ugly = xấu xí
Ungainly = vụng về
Unruly = ngỗ ngược
Unsightly = khó coi
Unseemly = không phù hợp
Unworldly = thanh tao
Unlikely: không có khả năng xảy ra
Monthly: hàng tháng
Weekly: hàng tuần
Brotherly = như anh em
Comely = duyên dáng
Costly = đắt đỏ
Goodly = có duyên
Homely = giản dị
Lowly = hèn mọn
Masterly = tài giỏi
Scholarly = uyên bác
Shapely = dáng đẹp
Timely = đúng lúc
Unseemly = không phù hợp
Ghastly = rùng rợn
Ghostly = mờ ảo như ma
Godly = sùng đạo
Holy = linh thiêng
Chilly: se se lạnh
Orderly/ disorderly: ngăn nắp/ lộn xộn
Ghostly: giống như ma
Heavenly: đẹp đẽ, tuyệt vời (như thiên đường)
Hourly: hàng giờ
Jolly: vui nhộn
Nightly: hằng đêm
Oily: nhiều dầu mỡ
Quarterly: hàng quý
Smelly: bốc mùi khó chịu
Comely = duyên dáng
Cowardly = hèn nhát
Humanly = trong phạm vi của con người
Lowly = hèn mọn
Miserly = keo kiệt


THỨ TỰ CÁC TÍNH TỪ KHI BỔ NGHĨA CHO DANH TỪ
1. Tính từ về màu sắc (color), nguồn gốc (origin), chất liệu (material) và mục đích (purpose) thường theo thứ tự sau:
Màu sắc => Nguồn gốc => Chất liệu => Mục đích => Danh từ
Vd: A red Spanish leather riding boots.
2. Các tính từ khác ví dụ như tính từ chỉ kích cỡ (size), chiều dài (length) và chiều cao (height) …thường đặt trước các tính từ chỉ màu sắc, nguồn gốc, chất liệu và mục đích .
· a round glass table (NOT a glass round table) (Một chiếc bàn tròn bằng kính).
· a big modern brick house (NOT a modern, big brick house) (Một ngôi nhà lớn hiện đại được xây bằng gạch)
3. Những tính từ diễn tả sự phê phán (judgements) hay ý kiến, quan điểm, sự đánh giá (opinion) ví dụ như: lovely, perfect, wonderful, silly…đặt trước các tính từ khác.
· a lovely small black cat. (Một chú mèo đen, nhỏ, đáng yêu).
· beautiful big black eyes. (Một đôi mắt to, đen, đẹp tuyệt vời)

Như vậy, ta có THỨ TỰ TÍNH TỪ - ADJECTIVE ORDER như sau:
Number (số lượng) => Opinion => Size => Age => Shape => Color => Origin => Material => Purpose => Noun.

Bí quyết ghi nhớ: OpSAShCOMP”, trong đó:
Opinion - tính từ chỉ quan điểm, sự đánh giá. Ví dụ: beautiful, wonderful, terrible…
Size - tính từ chỉ kích cỡ. Ví dụ: big, small, long, short, tall…
Age - tính từ chỉ độ tuổi. Ví dụ : old, young, old, new…
Sh – Tính từ chỉ hình dáng. Ví dụ : round, square, thin......
Color - tính từ chỉ màu sắc. Ví dụ: orange, yellow, light blue, dark brown ….
Origin – tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc, xuất xứ. Ví dụ: Japanese,American, British,Vietnamese…
Material – tính từ chỉ chất liệu . Ví dụ: stone, plastic, leather, steel, silk…
Purpose – tính từ chỉ mục đích, tác dụng.
Ví dụ khi sắp xếp cụm danh từ
a /leather/ handbag/ black
Ta thấy xuất hiện các tính từ:
- leather chỉ chất liệu làm bằng da (Material)
- black chỉ màu sắc (Color)
Vậy theo trật tự OpSAShCOMP cụm danh từ trên sẽ theo vị trí đúng là: a black leather handbag.
Một ví dụ khác: Japanese/ a/ car/ new/ red / big/ luxurious/
Sau khi xác định chức năng của các tính từ theo cách viết OpSAShCOMP, chúng ta sẽ dễ dàng viết lại trật tự của câu này như sau: a luxurious big new red Japanese car.

LUYỆN TẬP
Choose (A, B, C or D) to complete these sentences:
1. My father helps my mother with the housework. He proves to be _______, especially when my mother is sick.
A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supported
2. You give a ___________ party in your new house to celebrate moving into it.
A. housekeeping B. house guest C. housecoming D. housewarming
3. Anna made a lot of mistakes because she was ________________.
A. inattentive B. unattentive C. imattentive D. disattentive
4. Your __________must be typed into 3 copies to hand in for our company.
A. applicants B. application C. applicating D. applying
5. Well, I think that the prices in Dong Thap supermarket are _______.
A. reason B. reasonable C. reasonably D. reasoning
6. This company offered a lot of _______ jobs.
A. attractive B. attraction C. attract D. attractively
7. The _______ of the moon for the earth causes tides.
A. attract B. attracted C. attraction D. attractive
8. What are the ____________ between women’s in old times and women in modern times?
A. differs B. different C. difference D. differences
9. In the past people believed that women’s ___________ roles were as mothers and wives.
A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist
10. Mr. Jones is a__________ teacher.
A. devote B. devoted C. devoting D. devotion
11. It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher ______.
A. attentive B. attentively C. attention D attend
12. We could call the TV stations and___ the opening of our new store.
A. publicity B. publicize C. public D. publish
13. I like my work because I have the ___ to make my own decision.
A. freed B. freedom C. freely D. free
14. Our company believes it is the best___ to handle the account
A. organizing B. organizational C. organization D. disorganization
15. I felt quite __________ with my day’s work.
A. satisfy B. satisfactory C. satisfied D. satisfaction
16. _________ films should be made for school.
A. Educational B. Educating C. Educated D. Educate
17. When I’m tired, I enjoy listening to music. It’s ____________.
A. relax B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relaxed
18. We are in regular _________with each other by telephone or letter.
A. communicate B. communicative C. communication D. communicatively
19. He apologized for the ________he had caused.
A. convenient B. inconvenient C. convenience D. inconvenience
20. After the ______death of her husband, Marie Curie took up his position at the Sorbonne.
A. tragic B. tragedy C. tragical D. tragically
21. They gave a clear ____________of their intentions.
A. demonstrate B. demonstrative C. demonstration D. demonstrating
22. What makes a computer such a ___________device?
A. miracle B. miraculous C. miraculously D. wonder
23. My father has bought me an ____________computer.
A. electricity B. electrical C. electric D. electronic
24. Information technology is very ________ to our lives.
A. useful B. useless C. use D. usefully
25. A computer is a __________typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of documents.
A. magically B. magical C. magic D. magician
26. The climb was ________ because of the bad weather.
A. terrified B. terrify C. terrifying D. terrifies
27. Hue is famous for its __________spots.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautifully
28. The most _________thing about listening to music is that you can relax your mind.
A. enjoyment B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. enjoyable
29. When did the cinema come into___________?
A. exist B. existing C. existence D. existences
30. “The Spy Returns” is a very ___________film about a wealthy man who visits Italy.
A. exciting B. excited C. excitement D. excite
31. Three films are in __________for the same contract.
A. compete B. competitive C. competition D. competitor
32. The Amazon is _________longer than the Thames.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. furthest
33. The blue whale is ____known animals, reaching a length of more than one hundred feet.
A. the large B. the largest C. the larger D. most largest
34. You must place these events in their __________context.
A. history B. historical C. historic D. historian
35. We need __________information before we can decide.
A. far B. further C. farther D. farthest
36. _____ of fire, many more building were destroyed than the earthquake itself damaged.
A. Consequence B. Consequences C. Consequently D. As a consequence
37. The more a car costs, ________it goes.
A. the faster B. so faster C. the fastest D. faster
38. The use of pesticides is having a _________effect on the groundwater.
A. devastate B. devastation C. devastated D. devastating
39. Because of Lucille’s managerial skills, the family now has an _______business.
A. expanse B. expand C. expanding D. expended
40. It was always _____ whether the rocket would succeed.
A. undoubted B. doubting C. doubtful D. doubtless
41. The day was so _______ that we decided to take a picnic lunch to the beach.
A. clear and warmly B. clearly and warmly
C. clearly and warm D. clear and warm
42. The newly discovered ore is being extracted by _________ of a huge robotic arm.
A. mean B. means C. meant D. meanings
43. Although most people are _______ than I am, they are not a healthy or wise.
A. wealth B. wealthy C. wealthily D. wealthier
44. Health care _______ have been rising but so has the quality.
A. cost B. costs C. costing D. costly
45. Whereas the language barrier, in ________ times, was once an obstacle to trade, that is no longer the case.
A. earliest B. earlier C. early on D. early to
46. Don’t leave your clothes _______ about on the bedroom floor.
A. lie B. lay C. lying D. laying
47. You’ll have to work very _________if you want to finish the project by Friday.
A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. hardest
48. She is _______ to understand the matter.
A. enough intelligent B. so intelligent C. intelligent enough D. very intelligent
49. What_________!
A. an exciting story B. is an exciting story C. a story exciting D. the exciting story
50. How _________!
A. the room is dirty B. is the room dirty C. dirty the room is D. the dirty room is
51. The love for books is helpful in _________the pupils’ knowledge.
A. developing B. development C. developed D. being developed
52. At school, David was ______ anyone else in his class.
A. cleverer as B. as clever than C. as clever as D. cleverest
53. I pulled the handle ________ I could.
A. so hardly as B. as hardly as C. so hard as D. as hard as
54. Platinum is harder than copper and is almost as pliable _______________.
A. gold B. than gold C. as gold D. gold is
55. _______, Shirley thought Bill was Carol’s husband but later she realized that he wasn’t.
A. First B. At first C. Firstly D. First of all
56. Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign _________.
A. political B. policy C. politics D. politician
57. She got so ________ while watching the game that she began shouting.
A. exciting B. excited C. excitingly D. excitedly
58. He’s left his book at home; he’s always so __________.
A. forgetting B. forgettable C. forgetful D. forgotten
59. That was a very ______story about the adventure in the tropical forests.
A. excitement B. excited C. excitingly D. exciting
60. The ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________ of the request made us all laugh.
A. absurness B. absurd C. absurdity D. A or B
61. The ____________of the company’s president in all matters made for a miserable working environment.
A. contentiousness B. contention C. contentious D. contentiously
62. The job was done ________ , and we were extremely displeased.
A. uncompetence B. in competency C. incompetence D. incompetently
63. It’s a ________plan, and I believe it should be instituted at once.
A. feasibility B. feasible C. feasibleness D. feasibly
64. He spoke ________ to her, and she began crying immediately.
A. insensitivity B. insensitiveness C. insensitively D. insensitive
65. The bird guarded the young ones_______, swooping down on the cat again and again.
A. tenaciously B. tenacity C. tenacious D. teneciousness
66. When the automobile salesman described the car so _________, we became very uneasy about buying it.
A. ambiguity B. ambiguousness C. ambiguous D. ambiguously
67. The meeting was ____________, and all left satisfied.
A. harmony B. harmoniousness C. harmonious D. harmonize
68. Since the goal seems __________, I believe we should begin at once,” Tim argued.
A. achievements B. achieve C. achievable D. achieving
69. Her __________ in the matter was understandable.
A. reluctance B. reluctantly C. reluctant D. A or B
70. ___________ speaking, his life was a blessing to all.
A. Philosophically B. Philosopher C. Philosophize D. Philosophy
71. Scientists ________ in their opinions of how snow crystals originate.
A. difference B. differ C. differentiate D. different
72. Opera singer Maria Callas was known for her _________, powerful voice.
A. intensity B. intensify C. intense D. intensely
73. Writer Ernest Hemingway is known for his __________language and his lively dialogue.
A. simplification B. simple C. simplistic D. simplicity
74. Many readers will disagree with the selection and the assessments as any guide will inevitably be ______.
A. subject B. subjected C. subjective D. subjectivism
75. An eccentric is by definition someone whose behavior is _________someone who refuses to conform to the accepted norms of his society.
A. abnormal B. abnormality C. abnormally D. abnormalities
76. Students flocked to the new _________ where free medical supplies were handed out.
A. dispensary B. dispense C. dispenser D. dispensation
77. The ________ to the message was tacked on at the last moment.
A. appendix B. append C. appendicitis D. appendage
78. The company was _________ and made a tremendous amount of money.
A. progress B. progressive C. progression D. progressively
79. The _______ account given by the witness convinced the jury of the plaintiff’s right to a settlement.
A. description B. describing C. descriptive D. describe
80. Clarence ________ on the piano, delighting the guests.
A. improvised B. improvident C. improvidence D, improvisation
81. We drove at five miles an hour because the _________ was so poor.
A. visible B. visual C. view D. visibility
82. They praised her for her __________.
A. dishonest B. honestly C. honesty D. honest
83. Have you got some kind of _________ on you?
A. identification B. unidentified C. identify D. identified
84. They said my illness was ________. Don’t they realize I’m in a lot of pain.
A. imaginary B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginative
85. She was a much less _______ student than her sister.
A. industrial B. industrious C. industrialist D. industrialized
86. She’s got a job as the _________ of a dress shop.
A. manager B. management C. managing D. manageress
87. If he isn’t Spanish, what ________ is he?
A. nationality B. nationalized C. nation D. national
88. It was very ________ of you to notice that.
A. observant B. observatory C. observation D. observe
89. He couldn’t give a ________ explanation for his actions.
A. satisfactory B. dissatisfied C. satisfying D. satisfy
90. There is no _______ explanation for what happened.
A. scientist B. scientific C. scientifically D. science
91. There is a ________of carrots because of the bad weather.
A. shortly B. shorten C. shortage D. short
92. Politicians _________blame the media if they don’t win the election. They’re so predictable.
A. variable B. variety C. various D. invariably
93. This is very ______! Can’t you practise your violin somewhere else?
A. convenient B. conveniently C. inconvenient D. convenience
94. I would like to show you my latest ________, which I have called “Boats on a Lake”.
A. creativity B. creator C. create D. creation
95. Why does everybody ___________him all the time?
A. criticize B. critic C. criticism D. critical
96. They’re going to announce their _______ tomorrow.
A. decision B. indecisive C. decide D. decidedness
97. During the festival __________ were hanging from every tree.
A. decorator B. decorations C. decorative D. decorativeness
98. He offered to give me a _________ of how the machine worked.
A. demonstrator B. demonstration C. demonstrate D. demonstrative
99. We are _________ on other countries for most of our food.
A. dependent B. independence C. dependable D. dependability
100. My new car is more _______ than the one I had before.
A. economize B. economics C. economical D. economically

ADJECTIVE ORDER – THỨ TỰ TÍNH TỪ​
Choose the correct order of adj in the following sentences:
1. The woman is wearing a (yellow long/long yellow) dress.
2. He is a (tall thin/thin tall) man.
3. The company makes (excellent farming/farming excellent) products.
4. James recently departed on a (camping long/long camping) trip.
5. I love eating (red big/big red) strawberries.
6. The (intelligent young/young intelligent) woman did well on the test.
7. The ticket costs (ten US/US ten) dollars.
8. The scientists have found a (new great/great new) cure for the disease.
9. I am going to wear my (big/cotton blue/blue big cotton/big blue cotton) tie.
10. Please recyle those (three water empty/three empty water/water empty three) bottles.
11. She packed her clothes in a (green flimsy cardboard/flimsy green cardboard/cardboard flimsy green) box.
12. Their dog is a (brown big German/big brown German/German big brown) shepherd.
13. I am drinking from a (small English tea/tea small English/English small tea) cup.
14. My (philosophy old boring/old philosophy boring/boring philosophy old/boring old philosophy) teacher talks for hours!
15. Mike never lets his little brother drive his (sports expensive/expensive sports car.
16. She makes (delicious chocolate/chocolate delicious) cookies.
17. What are you doing with these (empty glass/glass empty) bottles?
18. It’s a (nice new/new nice) house.
19. He was wearing a (dirty old flannel/flannel old dirty/old dirty flannel) shirt.
20. Pass me the (plastic big blue/big blue plastic/big plastic blue) cups.
21. All the girls fell in love with the (handsome new American/American new handsome/new handsome American) teacher.
22. I used to drive (a blue old German/an old German blue/an old blue German) car.
23. He recently married a (young beautiful Greek/beautiful young Greek/beautiful Greek young) woman.
24. This is a (new Italian wonderful/wonderful Italian new/wonderful new Italian) movie.
25. She is a (beautiful slim Brazilian/Brazilian beautiful slim/slim Brazilian beautiful) supermodel.

Which is the correct order?
1. A. an old wooden square table B. a square wooden old table
C. an old square wooden table D. a wooden old square table
2. A. a red big plastic bag B. a big red plastic bag
C. a plastic big red bag D. a big plastic red bag
3. A. a beautiful grey sailing boat B. a grey beautiful sailing boat
C. a sailing beautiful grey boat D. a grey sailing beautiful boat
4. A. a new English exciting band B. an English new exciting band
C. an exciting English new band D. an exciting new English band
5. A. coulor, material, size, age, shape, naitionality
B. size, shapte, colour, age, material, nationality
C. size, age, shape, colour, nationality, material
D. age, size, shape, color, nationality, material.
5. A. a small Canadian thin lady B. a Canadian small thin lady
C. a small thin Canadian lady D. a thin small Canadian lady
6. A. a carving steel new knife B. a new steel carving knife
C. a steel new carving knife D. a new carving steel knife
7. A. a small Japanese serving bowl B. a Japanese small serving bowl
C. a small serving Japanese bowl D. a serving small Japanese bowl.

Put the words in the correct order:
1. old/yellow/a/British/small/box
2. a/car/fast/Italian/new/red
3. wooden/a/beautiful/table/old
4. is/boring/a/math/old/he/teacher.
5. my/teachr/old/maths/smelly
6. new/a/perfect/system
7. black/small/box/Turkish/a/old
8. 18th century/an/Scottish/castle
9. man/a/fat/friendly/young
10. a/businessman/horrible/greedy.
11. tall/our/headmaster/boring
12. wooden/dark/a/table/long
13. arts/nice/teacher/French/our
14. spoilt/boy/nasty/a/little
15. green-eyed/gorgeous/a/girl.

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WORD FORM
Choose (A, B, C or D) to complete these sentences:
1. My father helps my mother with the housework. He proves to be _______, especially when my mother is sick.
A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supported
2. You give a ___________ party in your new house to celebrate moving into it.
A. housekeeping B. house guest C. housecoming D. housewarming (mừng tân gia)
3. Anna made a lot of mistakes because she was ________________.
A. inattentive (không chú ý, không lưu tâm) B. unattentive C. imattentive D. disattentive
4. Your __________must be typed into 3 copies to hand in for our company.
A. applicants (ng xin việc) B. application (đơn xin) C. applicating D. applying
5. Well, I think that the prices in Dong Thap supermarket are _______.
A. reason B. reasonable C. reasonably D. reasoning
6. This company offered a lot of _______ jobs.
A. attractive B. attraction C. attract D. attractively
7. The _______ of the moon for the earth causes tides.
A. attract B. attracted C. attraction D. attractive
8. What are the ____________ between women’s in old times and women in modern times?
A. differs B. different C. difference D. differences
9. In the past people believed that women’s ___________ roles were as mothers and wives.
A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist
10. Mr. Jones is a__________ teacher.
A. devote B. devoted (tận tâm, tận tình) C. devoting D. devotion
11. It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher ______.
A. attentive B. attentively C. attention D attend
12. We could call the TV stations and___ the opening of our new store.
A. publicity B. publicize (quảng cáo, đưa ra công khai) C. public D. publish
13. I like my work because I have the ___ to make my own decision.
A. freed B. freedom C. freely D. free
14. Our company believes it is the best___ to handle the account
A. organizing B. organizational C. organization D. disorganization
15. I felt quite __________ with my day’s work.
A. satisfy B. satisfactory C. satisfied D. satisfaction
16. _________ films should be made for school.
A. Educational B. Educating C. Educated D. Educate
17. When I’m tired, I enjoy listening to music. It’s ____________.
A. relax B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relaxed
18. We are in regular _________with each other by telephone or letter.
A. communicate B. communicative C. communication D. communicatively
19. He apologized for the ________he had caused.
A. convenient B. inconvenient C. convenience D. inconvenience
20. After the ______death of her husband, Marie Curie took up his position at the Sorbonne.
A. tragic B. tragedy C. tragical D. tragically
21. They gave a clear ____________of their intentions.
A. demonstrate B. demonstrative C. demonstration D. demonstrating
22. What makes a computer such a ___________device?
A. miracle B. miraculous C. miraculously D. wonder
23. My father has bought me an ____________computer.
A. electricity B. electrical C. electric D. electronic
24. Information technology is very ________ to our lives.
A. useful B. useless C. use D. usefully
25. A computer is a __________typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of documents.
A. magically B. magical C. magic D. magician
26. The climb was ________ because of the bad weather.
A. terrified B. terrify C. terrifying D. terrifies
27. Hue is famous for its __________spots.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautifully
28. The most _________thing about listening to music is that you can relax your mind.
A. enjoyment B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. enjoyable
29. When did the cinema come into___________?
A. exist B. existing C. existence D. existences
30. “The Spy Returns” is a very ___________film about a wealthy man who visits Italy.
A. exciting B. excited C. excitement D. excite
31. Three films are in __________for the same contract.
A. compete B. competitive C. competition D. competitor
32. The Amazon is _________longer than the Thames.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. furthest
33. The blue whale is ____known animals, reaching a length of more than one hundred feet.
A. the large B. the largest C. the larger D. most largest
34. You must place these events in their __________context.
A. history B. historical C. historic D. historian
35. We need __________information before we can decide.
A. far B. further C. farther D. farthest
36. _____ of fire, many more building were destroyed than the earthquake itself damaged.
A. Consequence B. Consequences C. Consequently D. As a consequence
37. The more a car costs, ________it goes.
A. the faster B. so faster C. the fastest D. faster
38. The use of pesticides is having a _________effect on the groundwater.
A. devastate B. devastation C. devastated (bị choáng váng, sốc nặng) D. devastating
39. Because of Lucille’s managerial skills, the family now has an _______business.
A. expanse B. expand C. expanding D. expended
40. It was always _____ whether the rocket would succeed.
A. undoubted (chắc chắn) B. doubting C. doubtful (k chắc chắn) D. doubtless
41. The day was so _______ that we decided to take a picnic lunch to the beach.
A. clear and warmly B. clearly and warmly
C. clearly and warm D. clear and warm
42. The newly discovered ore is being extracted by _________ of a huge robotic arm.
A. mean B. means C. meant D. meanings
43. Although most people are _______ than I am, they are not a healthy or wise.
A. wealth B. wealthy C. wealthily D. wealthier
44. Health care _______ have been rising but so has the quality.
A. cost B. costs C. costing D. costly
45. Whereas the language barrier, in ________ times, was once an obstacle to trade, that is no longer the case.
A. earliest B. earlier C. early on D. early to
46. Don’t leave your clothes _______ about on the bedroom floor.
A. lie B. lay C. lying D. laying
47. You’ll have to work very _________if you want to finish the project by Friday.
A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. hardest
48. She is _______ to understand the matter.
A. enough intelligent B. so intelligent C. intelligent enough D. very intelligent
49. What_________!
A. an exciting story B. is an exciting story C. a story exciting D. the exciting story
50. How _________!
A. the room is dirty B. is the room dirty C. dirty the room is D. the dirty room is
51. The love for books is helpful in _________the pupils’ knowledge.
A. developing B. development C. developed D. being developed
52. At school, David was ______ anyone else in his class.
A. cleverer as B. as clever than C. as clever as D. cleverest
53. I pulled the handle ________ I could.
A. so hardly as B. as hardly as C. so hard as D. as hard as
54. Platinum is harder than copper and is almost as pliable (dẻo) _______________.
A. gold B. than gold C. as gold D. gold is
55. _______, Shirley thought Bill was Carol’s husband but later she realized that he wasn’t.
A. First B. At first C. Firstly D. First of all
56. Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign _________.
A. political B. policy C. politics D. politician
57. She got so ________ while watching the game that she began shouting.
A. exciting B. excited C. excitingly D. excitedly
58. He’s left his book at home; he’s always so __________.
A. forgetting B. forgettable C. forgetful D. forgotten
59. That was a very ______story about the adventure in the tropical forests.
A. excitement B. excited C. excitingly D. exciting
60. The ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________ of the request made us all laugh.
A. absurness (tính khó hiểu, sâu sắc) B. absurd C. absurdity (sự vô lý, ngớ ngẩn) D. A or B
61. The ____________of the company’s president in all matters made for a miserable working environment.
A. contentiousness (tính hay sinh sự) B. contention (sự bất hoà, cạnh tranh) C. contentious D. contentiously
62. The job was done ________ , and we were extremely displeased.
A. uncompetence B. in competency C. incompetence D. incompetently
63. It’s a ________plan, and I believe it should be instituted at once.
A. feasibility B. feasible C. feasibleness D. feasibly
64. He spoke ________ to her, and she began crying immediately.
A. insensitivity B. insensitiveness C. insensitively D. insensitive
65. The bird guarded the young ones_______, swooping down on the cat again and again.
A. tenaciously B. tenacity C. tenacious D. teneciousness
66. When the automobile salesman described the car so _________, we became very uneasy about buying it.
A. ambiguity B. ambiguousness C. ambiguous D. ambiguously
67. The meeting was ____________, and all left satisfied.
A. harmony B. harmoniousness C. harmonious D. harmonize
68. Since the goal seems __________, I believe we should begin at once,” Tim argued.
A. achievements B. achieve C. achievable D. achieving
69. Her __________ in the matter was understandable.
A. reluctance B. reluctantly C. reluctant D. A or B
70. ___________ speaking, his life was a blessing to all.
A. Philosophically B. Philosopher C. Philosophize D. Philosophy
71. Scientists ________ in their opinions of how snow crystals originate.
A. difference B. differ C. differentiate D. different
72. Opera singer Maria Callas was known for her _________, powerful voice.
A. intensity B. intensify C. intense D. intensely
73. Writer Ernest Hemingway is known for his __________language and his lively dialogue.
A. simplification B. simple C. simplistic D. simplicity
74. Many readers will disagree with the selection and the assessments as any guide will inevitably be ______.
A. subject B. subjected C. subjective D. subjectivism
75. An eccentric is by definition someone whose behavior is _________someone who refuses to conform to the accepted norms of his society.
A. abnormal B. abnormality C. abnormally D. abnormalities
76. Students flocked to the new _________ where free medical supplies were handed out.
A. dispensary (trạm y tế, nơi phát thuốc) B. dispense C. dispenser D. dispensation
77. The ________ to the message was tacked on at the last moment.
A. appendix B. append C. appendicitis D. appendage (phần thừa, thêm vào)
78. The company was _________ and made a tremendous amount of money.
A. progress B. progressive C. progression D. progressively
79. The _______ account given by the witness convinced the jury of the plaintiff’s right to a settlement.
A. description B. describing C. descriptive D. describe
80. Clarence ________ on the piano, delighting the guests.
A. improvised (ứng biến, ứng khẩu) B. improvident C. improvidence D, improvisation
81. We drove at five miles an hour because the _________ was so poor.
A. visible B. visual C. view D. visibility
82. They praised her for her __________.
A. dishonest B. honestly C. honesty D. honest
83. Have you got some kind of _________ on you?
A. identification B. unidentified C. identify D. identified
84. They said my illness was ________. Don’t they realize I’m in a lot of pain.
A. imaginary B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginative
85. She was a much less _______ student than her sister.
A. industrial B. industrious C. industrialist D. industrialized
86. She’s got a job as the _________ of a dress shop.
A. manager B. management C. managing D. manageress
87. If he isn’t Spanish, what ________ is he?
A. nationality B. nationalized C. nation D. national
88. It was very ________ of you to notice that.
A. observant (adj) B. observatory (n) C. observation D. observe
89. He couldn’t give a ________ explanation for his actions.
A. satisfactory B. dissatisfied C. satisfying D. satisfy
90. There is no _______ explanation for what happened.
A. scientist B. scientific C. scientifically D. science
91. There is a ________of carrots because of the bad weather.
A. shortly B. shorten C. shortage D. short
92. Politicians _________blame the media if they don’t win the election. They’re so predictable.
A. variable B. variety C. various D. invariably (hầu như luôn luôn)
93. This is very ______! Can’t you practise your violin somewhere else?
A. convenient B. conveniently C. inconvenient D. convenience
94. I would like to show you my latest ________, which I have called “Boats on a Lake”.
A. creativity B. creator C. create D. creation
95. Why does everybody ___________him all the time?
A. criticize B. critic C. criticism D. critical
96. They’re going to announce their _______ tomorrow.
A. decision B. indecisive C. decide D. decidedness
97. During the festival __________ were hanging from every tree.
A. decorator B. decorations C. decorative D. decorativeness
98. He offered to give me a _________ of how the machine worked.
A. demonstrator B. demonstration C. demonstrate D. demonstrative
99. We are _________ on other countries for most of our food.
A. dependent B. independence C. dependable D. dependability
100. My new car is more _______ than the one I had before.
A. economize B. economics C. economical D. economically

ADJECTIVE ORDER – THỨ TỰ TÍNH TỪ
Choose the correct order of adj in the following sentences:
1. The woman is wearing a (yellow long/long yellow) dress.
2. He is a (tall thin/thin tall) man.
3. The company makes (excellent farming/farming excellent) products.
4. James recently departed on a (camping long/long camping) trip.
5. I love eating (red big/big red) strawberries.
6. The (intelligent young/young intelligent) woman did well on the test.
7. The ticket costs (ten US/US ten) dollars.
8. The scientists have found a (new great/great new) cure for the disease.
9. I am going to wear my (big cotton blue/blue big cotton/big blue cotton) tie.
10. Please recyle those (three water empty/three empty water/water empty three) bottles.
11. She packed her clothes in a (green flimsy cardboard/flimsy green cardboard/cardboard flimsy green) box.
12. Their dog is a (brown big German/big brown German/German big brown) shepherd.
13. I am drinking from a (small English tea/tea small English/English small tea) cup.
14. My (philosophy old boring/old philosophy boring/boring philosophy old/boring old philosophy) teacher talks for hours!
15. Mike never lets his little brother drive his (sports expensive/expensive sports) car.
16. She makes (delicious chocolate/chocolate delicious) cookies.
17. What are you doing with these (empty glass/glass empty) bottles?
18. It’s a (nice new/new nice) house.
19. He was wearing a (dirty old flannel/flannel old dirty/old dirty flannel) shirt.
20. Pass me the (plastic big blue/big blue plastic/big plastic blue) cups.
21. All the girls fell in love with the (handsome new American/American new handsome/new handsome American) teacher.
22. I used to drive (a blue old German/an old German blue/an old blue German) car.
23. He recently married a (young beautiful Greek/beautiful young Greek/beautiful Greek young) woman.
24. This is a (new Italian wonderful/wonderful Italian new/wonderful new Italian) movie.
25. She is a (beautiful slim Brazilian/Brazilian beautiful slim/slim Brazilian beautiful) supermodel.

Which is the correct order?
1. A. an old wooden square table B. a square wooden old table
C. an old square wooden table D. a wooden old square table
2. A. a red big plastic bag B. a big red plastic bag
C. a plastic big red bag D. a big plastic red bag
3. A. a beautiful grey sailing boat B. a grey beautiful sailing boat
C. a sailing beautiful grey boat D. a grey sailing beautiful boat
4. A. a new English exciting band B. an English new exciting band
C. an exciting English new band D. an exciting new English band
5. A. coulor, material, size, age, shape, naitionality
B. size, shapte, colour, age, material, nationality
C. size, age, shape, colour, nationality, material
D. age, size, shape, color, nationality, material.
5. A. a small Canadian thin lady B. a Canadian small thin lady
C. a small thin Canadian lady D. a thin small Canadian lady
6. A. a carving steel new knife B. a new steel carving knife
C. a steel new carving knife D. a new carving steel knife
7. A. a small Japanese serving bowl B. a Japanese small serving bowl
C. a small serving Japanese bowl D. a serving small Japanese bowl.

Put the words in the correct order:
1. old/yellow/a/British/small/box
A small old yellow British box.
2. a/car/fast/Italian/new/red
A fast new red Italian car.
3. wooden/a/beautiful/table/old
A beautiful old wooden table.
4. is/boring/a/math/old/he/teacher.
He is a boring old math teacher.
5. my/teacher/old/math/smelly.
My smelly old maths teacher.
6. new/a/perfect/system
A perfect new system.
7. black/small/box/Turkish/a/old.
A small old black Turkish box.
8. 18[SUP]th[/SUP] century/an/Scottish/castle.
An 18 century Scottish castle.
9. man/a/fat/friendly/young
A friendly fat young man.
10. a/businessman/horrible/greedy.
A horrible greedy businessman.
11. tall/our/headmaster/boring.
Our boring tall headmaster.
12. wooden/dark/a/table/long.
A long dark wooden table.
13. arts/nice/teacher/French/our.
Our nice French arts teacher.
14. spoilt/boy/nasty/a/little.
A nasty spoilt little boy.
15. green-eyed/gorgeous/a/girl.
A gorgeous green-eyed girl.
 

conan_sea

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Các cấu trúc câu thông dụng


MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC THÔNG DỤNG TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU

S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something(quá....để cho ai làm gì...)
e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you to remember.

e.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow.
o S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (quá... đến nỗi mà...)
e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.

e.g2: He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.
o It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V(quá... đến nỗi mà...)
e.g.1: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it.

e.g.2: It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.
o S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something. (Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...)
e.g.1: She is old enough to get married.

e.g.2: They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.
o Have/ get + something + done (VpII)(nhờ ai hoặc thuê ai làm gì...)
e.g.1: I had my hair cut yesterday.

e.g.2: I’d like to have my shoes repaired.
o It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It’s +time +for someone +to do something(đã đến lúc ai đóphải làm gì...)
e.g.1: It is time you had a shower.

e.g.2: It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question.
o It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something(làm gì... mất bao nhiêu thờigian...)
e.g.1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school.

e.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.
o To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing(ngăn cản ai/cái gì... không làm gì..)
e.g.1: I can’t prevent him from smoking

e.g.2: I can’t stop her from tearing
o S + find+ it+ adj to do something(thấy ... để làm gì...)
e.g.1: I find it very difficult to learn about English.

e.g.2: They found it easy to overcome that problem.
o To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing.(Thích cái gì/làm gì hơn cái gì/ làm gì)
e.g.1: I prefer dog to cat.

e.g.2: I prefer reading books to watching TV.
o Would rather + V­ (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive)(thích làm gì hơn làm gì)
e.g.1: She would rather play games than read books.

e.g.2: I’d rather learn English than learn Biology.
o To be/get Used to + V-ing(quen làm gì)
e.g.1: I am used to eating with chopsticks.
o Used to + V (infinitive)(Thường làm gì trong qk và bây giờ không làm nữa)
e.g.1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young.
o Because /Although/Even though/Though + a clause
Because of/Despite/In spite of + N/Ving/ noun phrase.
o In order/so as + to V: để mà (diễn tả mục đích) – phủ định: so as not to V/in order not to V
o Khi biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm danh từ thường gặp các trường hợp sau:
- Noun + be + adj à The/ (her, his, their…) + adj + Noun
- Pronoun + be + Adj à The/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the Adj)
- Pronoun + V + adv à The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the Adv) + Noun (of the V)
- Pronoun + V + Obj à Ving (khi 2 mệnh đề cùng chủ ngữ)
- There be + Noun à The + Noun.

No matter + who/ what/ when/ where/ why/ how ( adj/ adv) + S + V
Whatever (+N) + S +V

Note : Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng “No matter” hoặc “Whatever” thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính.

Ex : No matter who you are, I still love you.
No matter what she says, I don’t believe her.
Whatever others may say, you are certainly right.

Mở rộng phần so/such….that

1. So........hat. ( quá....đến nỗi mà.....).


S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
main clause adverbial clause of result

Ex : It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Chú ý: Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là các động từ tri giác như­ ; “ look, appear, seem, taste, smell, sound.....” , ta dùng công thức như đối với “be”.
The little girl looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for her.
1 Dùng với tính từ và phó từ:

S + V + so + adj/adv + that + S + V

Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.
She is so beautiful that anyone sees her once will never forget her.
The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him

2 Dùng với danh từ đếm được số nhiều:

S + V + so + many/few + danh từ đếm được số nhiều + that + S + V

Cấu trúc vẫn là so ... that nhưng phải dùng many hoặc few trước danh từ đó.
I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
The Smiths had so many children that they form their own baseball team.

3 Dùng với danh từ không đếm được:

S + V + so + much/little + danh từ không đếm được + that + S +V

Cấu trúc là so ... that nhưng phải dùng much hoặc little trước danh từ đó.
He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
4. Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít:

S + V + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that + S + V
HOẶC
S + V + so + adjective + a + singular count noun + that + S + V
Eg.
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down.
It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.

5. Dùng such trước tính từ + danh từ:

S + V + Such a / an + adj + N + that + S +V

B. Luyện tập
Exercise 1: Viết lại các câu sau, sử dụng “enough”
1. The book is too dull to read.
2. We were too late to get good seats.
3. Jack is too lazy to make progress in his study.
4. I’m too poor to help you with the money.
5. We don’t have much money. We can’t buy that car.
6. There is very little wheat. We can’t make cake.

Exercise 2: Nối 2 câu sử dụng “so…..that” hoặc “such…..that”:
1. The sun shone brightly. Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Deam was powerful swimmer. He always won the races.
3. There were few students registered. The class was cancelled.
4. The house was beautiful. I took a picture of it.
5. This coffee is strong. I can’t drink it.
6. This is a good film. I want to see it again and again.
7. There was alot of guests. There wasn’t enough food.
8. I ate alot of sandwiches. I felt uneasy.
9. There was a lot of food. Everyone ate too much.
10. David has a lot of work to do. He can’t come tonight.

Exercise 3: Nối các câu sau bằng các cụm từ chỉ mục đích:
1. My father drove carefully. He didn’t want to cause accidents.
2. Sue dutifully followed her parent’s advice. She didn’t want to cause trouble for her parents.
3. Mr Thompson is learning Vietnamese. He wishes to read the Tale of Kieu.
4. Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.
5. The farmer built a high wall around his garden. The fruits wouldn’t be stolen.
6. The police stopped the traffic every few munutes. The pedestrians might cross the road.
7. The notices are written in serval languages. Everyone may understand them.
8. I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house.
9. Dick is practising the guitar. He can play for the dance.
10. She needs a job. She wants to support her old parents.

Exercise 4: Viết lại các câu sau bắt đầu bằng từ gợi ý:
1. He is very rich. He isn’t happy.-> No matter...............................................
2. He does anything. He is always tries his best. àNo matter.........................
3. She says anything. I don’t believe her. àNo matter......................
4. Despite her dislikes for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm. (although)
5. Mary will take a plane, even though she dislikes flying. (in spite of)
6. In spite of Marcy’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (although)
7. We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy. (despite)
8. Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (in spite of)
9. He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet. (in spite of)

Exercise 5: Viết lại câu bắt đầu bằng từ gợi ý, giữ nguyên nghĩa của câu
1. It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it. à The house was so ______
2. The food was so good that we ate all of it. à It was ________
3. The patient was too weak to get up.àThe patient was so _____
4. This room is too dark for me to study. à This room is so ____
5. This room is too small for us to take the meeting. à This room isn’t ___
6. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it. àThe test was not ________
7. The map is so old that I couldn’t read it. à The map is too ____
8. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well. à He didn’t __________

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer:
1. Could you please close the door?
A. Would you mind to close the door? B. Would you mind close the door?
C. Would you minded close the door? D. Would you mind closing the door?

2. Bill drives more carelessly than he used to.
A. Bill doesn’t drive as carefully as he used to.
B. Bill doesn’t drive carefully he used to
C. Bill doesn’t drive as carefully he used to.
D. Bill doesn’t drive as carefully he used.

3. The last time I saw Jane was three years ago.
A. I have seen Jane for 3 years B. I haven’t seen Jane 3 years ago.
C. I haven’t seen Jane since 3 years D. I haven’t seen Jane for 3 years.

4. Ban cannot get married because he is under 16.
A. Ban is young enough to get married B. Ban is too young to get married
C. Ban is old enough to get married D. Ban is too old to get married.

5. No one in the class is taller than Lan
A. Lan is the tallest student in the class B. Lan is the tall student in the class
C. Lan is the tallest student in class D. Lan is tallest student in the class.

6. Peter lives in the house. The house is opposite my house
A. Peter lives in the house it is opposite my house.
B. Peter lives in the house which opposite my house.
C. Peter lives in the house which is opposite her house.
D. Peter lives in the house which is opposite my house.

7. Dave is very young. He cannot understand it.
A. Dave is not young enough to understand it. B. Dave is very young to understand it.
C. Dave is not young to understand it. D. Dave is too young to understand it.

8. The weather was very cold. They could not go out.
A. The weather was very cold and that they could not go out.
B. The weather was so cold that they could not go out.
C. The weather was not so cold they could not go out.
D. The weather was very cold they could not go out.

9. He likes not only sports but also reading.
A. He only enjoyed sports B. He enjoyed both reading and sports
C. He only enjoyed reading. D. He enjoyed neither sports nor reading.

10. She started school when she was 6 years old.
A. At the year of 6 she started school. B. At the age of 6 she started school.
C. At the old of 6 she started school. D. At the time of 6 she started school.

11. The water was so cold that we couldn’t swim in it.
A. The water was too cold for us to swim in it
B. The water was very cold for us to swim in.
C. The water wasn’t warm enough that we couldn’t swim in it.
D. The water was too cold for us to swim in

12. Our house is going to be painted by a local firm.
A. We are going to have our house painted.
B. We are going to have our house be painted.
C. We are going to have our house to be painted.
D. We are going to have our house being painted.

13. Although there was a traffic jam, Mr David managed to get to his office on time.
A. Despite traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time.
B. In spite traffic jam, Mr. David managed to his office on time.
C. Despite of the traffic jam, Mr. David managed to his office on time.
D. In spite of the traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time.

14. I’ll only help you if you promise to try harder.
A. Unless you promise to try harder, I’ll help you.
B. I won’t help you unless you promise to try harder.
C. I’ll help you even when you promise to try harder.
D. I won’t help you even when you promise to try harder.

15. John began playing the organ five years ago.
A. John has been playing the organ five years ago.
B. John has played the organ for five years.
C. John has been playing the organ for five years.
D. John used to play the organ five years ago.

16. She can’t have any more children because of her old age.
A. She isn’t young enough to have more children.
B. She isn’t young to have more children.
C. She isn’t so young that to have more children.
D. She is too old that to have more children.

17. Daisy doesn’t play cricket as well as she used to.
A. Daisy was used to play cricket better. C. Daisy used to play cricket better
B. Daisy used to playing cricket better. D. Daisy got used to playing cricket better.

18. “I think you should go by bus,” he told us.
A. He asked us to go by bus B. He ordered us to go by bus
C. He advised us go by bus D. He advised us to go by bus.

19. I like watching TV more than listening to the radio.
A. I prefer watching TV to listening to the radio.
B. I prefer watching TV than listening to the radio.
C. I’d better watching TV to listening to the radio.
D. I’d better watch TV to listening to the radio.

20. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
A. If we had a map, we couldn’t get lost.
B. If we had had a map, we couldn’t have got lost.
C. If we had a map, we couldn’t have got lost.
D. If we had had a map, we couldn’t get lost.

21. The bookshelf was so high that Heidi couldn’t reach it.
A. The bookshelf was too high that Heidi couldn’t reach it.
B. The bookshelf was too high for Heidi to reach it.
C. Heidi could reach the bookshelf if it wasn’t so high.
D. The book shelf wasn’t low enough for Heidi to reach.

22. It was such a dull play that he fell asleep.
A. The play was not interesting enough that he fell asleep.
B. The play was too dull that he fell asleep.
C. The play was so dull that he fell asleep.
D. The play was very dull that he fell asleep.

23. This is the most horrible film I have ever seen.
A. I already saw this horrible film before. B. I have never seen such a horrible film before.
C. This is the most horrible film I saw. D. I have ever seen this horrible film before.

24. Julia couldn’t pass the driving test because she was very nervous.
A. Julia could pass the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous.
B. Julia could pass the driving test if she wasn’t very nervous.
C. Julia could have passed the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous
D. If Julia wasn’t very nervous, she could pass the driving test

25. William started learning Spanish two years ago.
A. William has been learning Spanish two years ago.
B. William has been learning Spanish since two years.
C. William hasn’t learned Spanish for two years.
D. William has been learning Spanish for two years.

26. Barbara couldn’t swim in the sea because it is too cold.
A. It wasn’t warm enough for Barbara to swim in the sea.
B. It wasn’t warm enough for Barbara to swim on the sea.
C. It was so cold for Barbara to swim in the sea.
D. It wasn’t enough warm for Barbara to swim in the sea.

27. “I’m sorry. I haven’t written to you for a long time.”
A. James apologized for not writing to me for a long time.
B. James apologized to not writing to me for a long time.
C. James apologized because of not writing to me for a long time.
D. James apologized for not writing me for a long time.

28. Although he was in bad health he tried to finish his work on time.
A. Despite of being in bad health he tried to finish his work on time.
B. In spite of his bad health he tried to finish his work on time.
C. Despite his health being in bad he tried to finish his work on time.
D. In spite of he had bad health he tried to finish his work on time.

29. Alcohol is bad for you and so are cigarettes.
A. Neither alcohol nor cigarettes is good for you.
B. Neither alcohol or cigarettes are good for you.
C. Neither alcohol nor cigarettes are bad for you.
D. Neither alcohol nor cigarettes are good for you.

30. He is not old enough to do the volunteer work.
A. He is very young that he can’t do the volunteer work.
B. He is too young to do the volunteer work.
C. He can’t do the volunteer work because of his old age.
D. His young sister prevents him from doing the volunteer work.

31. The car is too expensive for him to buy.
A. He is not rich enough to buy a car. B. He is not rich enough to buy the car.
C. He is not rich enough to buy car. D. He is poor enough to buy the car.

32. His parents advised him to study hard for his exams.
A. He was advised to study hard for his exams.
B. He was advised study hard for his exams.
C. He was advised to study hard his exams.
D. He is advised to study hard for his exams.

33. ……ten minutes earlier, you would have go a better seat.
A. Had you arrived B. Were you arrived
C. If you arrived D. If you hadn’t arrived

34. This room is……….
A. too small for us to work in B. so small that we can’t work in.
C. not big enough for us to live in it D. such small room that we can’t live in it

35. The girl jumped joyfully as soon as she heard the result.
A. Hardly the girl heard the result when she jumped joyfully.
B. Hardly the girl had heard the result when did she jump joyfully.
C. Hardly had the girl heard the result when she jumped joyfully.
D. Hardly had the girl heard the result when did she jump joyfully.

36. Her illness…….we thought at first.
A. much serious than B. much more serious than
C. seriouser than D. much seriously than

37. He wasn’t ………..the job.
A. experienced enough to do B. experienced enough doing
C. enough experienced to do D. experienced to do enough

38. You will become ill……..you stop working like that.
A. if B. in case C. if D. unless

39. Olivia booked a babysitter……….she could go out for the evening.
A. so that B. but C. so D. hence

40. No longer………any pleasure to do this job.
A. I do have B. do I have C. do have I D. I have

41. I would rather ……poor but happy than become rich without happiness.
A. being B. be C. to be D. was

42. ………his denial, we knew that he was guilty.
A. Despite B. In spite C. Because D. And

43. John’s family is very happy …….his being a rewarded a scholarship at school.
A. because of B. if C. either D. nor

44. You can send letter from Hongkong……….by Suez or by Canada.
A. either B. neither C. both D. as well

45. You ………see the doctor if that backache persists.
A. better B. better have C. have better D. had better

46. Alison was………first person to arrive at the party.
A. a B. the C. x D. one

47. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched

48. A. search B. teapot C. peace D. meal

49. A. while B. why C. whose D. where

50. A. term B. perfect C. here D. germ

TẢI BẢN WORD TẠI ĐÂY.
 

SAI LẦm Lứn

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e chào cô ,e là học sinh lớp 12a1 . ).e đang có nhu cầu học lại từ đầu vì dốt quá mà :3 .và e cảm thấy bài này thực sự rất có ích , cảm ơn cô rất nhiều :D
 
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