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Câu 1: Hãy đọc kỹ đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi
Throughout the ages people have sought to understand the world around them and to
explain it in a systematic way. A system is simply a group of elements which work together to
achieve a purpose. Systems can be very large, such as the system of courts and laws we call our
'legal system', or very small, such as the system involved in cleaning your teeth. Systems can
occur in nature or be designed by people. The water cycle (described below) is an example of a
natural system. Banking systems and computer systems are examples of systems designed by
people.
Input-process-output
Processing systems accomplish a task: they take one or more inputs and carry out a process
to produce one or more outputs. An input is something put into the system, a process is a series of'
actions or changes carried out by the system, while an output is something taken from the system.
All systems can be represented by the following input-process-output (IPO) diagram.
The shaded area in the diagram represents the system. The letter 'I' stands for input and the
letter '0' stands for output. The input into this system is an output from another system and the
output from this system is an input into another system.
To develop these ideas further we will consider three systems: coffee making the water
cycle and the shop.
THE WATER CYCLE
Water circulates between the earth and the atmosphere; this is an example of a system
occurring in nature. It is driven by. the heat of the sun which causes evaporation from bodies of
water and transpiration from plants. The water vapour in the atmosphere forms clouds under
certain conditions. When these clouds have more water vapour than they can hold, precipitation
occurs and the water is returned back to the earth as rain;' hail, dew or snow. This process of
moving water from the earth into the atmosphere and back to the earth is called the water cycle.
The inputs are the heat from the sun, and water from oceans, lakes, rivers and plants. The
process consists of actions such as evaporation, transpiration and precipitation. The output is the
circulation of the water between the earth and its atmosphere.
