Inversion (Đảo ngữ)

[Đỗ Thị Lan Hương]

Như chúng ta đã biết, đảo ngữ là dạng mà trợ động từ và trạng từ bị đảo lên đầu câu trước chủ ngữ. Vậy có những dạng đảo ngữ nào? Cấu trúc nó ra sao? Cùng tham khảo bài viết dưới đây nhé!

Inversion (Đảo ngữ)​

1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No + N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf)
Not any + N + auxiliary + S + verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on.

2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: Never in mid-summer does it snow.
Hardly ever does he speak in the public.

3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY
only later
only in this way
only in that way
only then + auxiliary + S + V
only after + N
only by V_ing/ N
only when + clause
only with + N
only if + clause
only in adv of time/ place

Eg: Only after all guest had gone home could we relax.
Only when I understand her did I like her.
Only by practising English every day can you speak it fluently.

4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time
On no condition
On no account + auxiliary + S + N
Under/ in no circumstances
For no searson
In no way
No longer

Eg: For no reason whall you play truant.
The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances = Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid.
On no condition shall we accept their proposal.

5. No sooner.... than....
Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely.... When/ before

Eg: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents.

6. Đảo ngữ với Not only .... but.... also ....
Not only + auxiliary + S + V but.... also....

Eg: Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well.
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.

7. Đảo ngữ với SO và SUCH
So + adj/ adv + auxiliary + S + V + that clause

Eg: So dark is it that I can't write.
So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself.
So difficult was the exam that few student pass it.
So attractive is she that many boys run after her.

8. So + adjective + be + N + clause
Eg: So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview.
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
Such + to be + Danh từ +…

Eg:Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
Such is the stuff of dreams

9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till + clause/ adv of time + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: I won't come home till 10 o'clock = Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home.
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home = Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.

10. Đảo ngữ với No where + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: No where in the VN is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country.

11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
a. Câu điều kiện loại 1: If clause = should + S + V
Should she come late she wil miss the train
should he lend me some money I will buy that house

b. Câu điều kiện loại 2: If clause = Were S + to V/ Were + S
If I were you I would work harder = Were I you...
If I knew her I would invite her to the party = Were I to know her...

c. Câu đk loại 3: If clause = Had + S + V3/ed
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam. = Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam.

Bài tập
Bài 1. Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1. He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone.
=> So _________________________________

2. He hardly bought a new bike when he had an accident.
(1) => Hardly _________________________________
(2) => No sooner _________________________________

3. The thief ran away.
=> Away _________________________________

4. I could drive a car only when I reached 30.
=> Only when _________________________________

5. If he goes to school, he will have money.
=> Should _________________________________

6. The man not only beat the child but also took all her money.
=> Not only _________________________________

7. She will never accept his proposal.
=> At no time _________________________________

8. Mr. Bean rarely showed his intelligence.
=> Rarely _________________________________

9. I phone him as soon as I went home.
(1) => No sooner _________________________________
(2) => Scarcely _________________________________

10. If you had followed the advice, you would have succeeded.
=> Had _________________________________

11. He dived into the sea.
=> Into _________________________________

12. If he had money, he would travel.
=> Were _________________________________

13. She is such a gentle girl that she speaks very softly.
=> Such _________________________________

14. The girl lay on the bed.
=> On _________________________________

15. It was not until she was 18 that she went abroad.
=> Not until _________________________________

16. We can only improve our skills by training hard.
=> Only _________________________________

17. They are here.
=> Here _________________________________

18. He no longer drinks coffee.
=> No _________________________________

19. He stood outside the door.
=> Outside _________________________________

20. It was not until they were robbed of money that they became more careful.
=> Not until _________________________________

Bài 2. Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ

1. She had never been so happy before.
=> Never before…………………………………………

2. I have never heard such nonsense!
=> Never…………………………………………………...

3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
=> Never in my life…………………………………

4. Our profits have never been higher than they are this year.
=> Never…………………………

5. The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
=>Never……………………

6. I've never come across such a horrifying film.
=> Never………………………………………

7. I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
=> Never……………………………

8. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
=> Never…………………………

9. I'll never forget you.
=> Never ………………………………………………………………..

Bài 3. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. One rarely finds good service these days.
=>Rarely………………………………………………………

2. She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village.
=> Rarely………………………………

3. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
=> Seldom…………………………………………

4. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
=> Seldom…………………………

5. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
=> Little……………………………

6. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
=> Little…………………………………………

7. He has seldom seen anything stranger
=> Seldom……………………………………………

Bài 4. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1. He is my friend as well as yours.
=> Not only…………………………………………………

2. He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
=> Not only………………………………………

3. Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder.
=> Not only………………………………………………

4. He is both intelligent and handsome.
=> Not only…………………………………………………………………….

5. She is impatient and dishonest.
=> Not only………………………………………………………

6. The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

7. She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

8. She is not only beautiful but also attractive.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

9. He translated not only fast but also correctly.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

10. They are not only good at mathematics but also at science.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

11. She not only sings but also dances.
=> Not…………………………………………………………………

Bài 5. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
=> No sooner __________________________________________________ ___

2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly __________________________________________________ _____

3. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
=> Not until __________________________________________________ ____

4. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
=> Only __________________________________________________ _______

5. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _________________________________________________

6. His brother had rarely been more excited.
=> Rarely____________________________________________ _____________

7. The facts were not all made public until later.
=> Only______________________________________________ ____________

8. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
=> Had_______________________________________________ ____________

Bài 6. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

2. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

3. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

4. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

5. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

6. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

7. I didn’t realize who he was until later.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

8. The door could not be opened without using force.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

9. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

Bài 7. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1. If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

2. If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9. A.M
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

3. If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

4. If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

5. If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

6. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

7. If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

Bài 8. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1. If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

2. Would you visit me if I were sent to prison?
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

3. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

4. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

5. If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

6. If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

7. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

8. If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

9. If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

10. If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

Bài 9. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.
1. The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

2. He is so strong that he can lift the box.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

3. He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

4. He ate so much food that he became ill.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.
5. It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

6. He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

7. She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

8. This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

9. He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

10. She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

11. It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

12. This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

Bài 10. I Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
=> Not only_______________________________________________________

2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
=> No sooner _____________________________________________________

3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly _______________________________________________________

4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
=> Not until ______________________________________________________

5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
=> Only _________________________________________________________

6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
=> Never ________________________________________________________

7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _________________________________________________

8. His brother had rarely been more excited.
=> Rarely_________________________________________________________

9. The facts were not all made public until later.
=> Only__________________________________________________________

10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
=> Had___________________________________________________________

11. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.
=> Such__________________________________________________________

12. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
=> Not only ______________________________________________________

13. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
=> Little _________________________________________________________

14. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
=> Should________________________________________________________

15. The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident in any way.
=> In ___________________________________________________________

16. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.
=> So ___________________________________________________________

17. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election.
=> Were__________________________________________________________

18. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
=> No sooner _____________________________________________________

19. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
=> Such__________________________________________________________

20. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.
=> Seldom________________________________________________________

Trên đây là một cấu trúc và bài tập về dạng đảo ngữ. Hi vọng bài viết này sẽ phần nào giúp ích cho các bạn trong quá trình học tập.

_Chúc các bạn học tốt!_​

 

[Đỗ Thị Lan Hương]

Key
Bài 1. Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1. So gentle is he that he never scolds anyone.
2. (1) => Hardly had he bought a new bike when he had an accident.
(2) => No sooner had he bought a new bike than he had an accident.
3. Away ran the thief
4. Only when I reached 30 could I drive a car.
5. Should he go to school, he will have money.
6. Not only did the man beat the child, but he also took all her money.
7. At no time will she accept his proposal.
8. Rarely did Mr. Bean show his intelligence.
9. (1) => No sooner had I gone home than I phoned him.
(2) => Scarcely had I gone home when I phoned him.
10. Had you followed the advice, you would have succeeded
11. Into the sea he dived
12. Were he to have money, he would travel.
13. Such is a gentle girl that she speaks very softly.
hoặc: Such a gentle girl is she that she speaks very softly.
14. On the bed lay the girl
15. Not until she was 18 did she go abroad.
16. Only by training hard can we improve our skills.
17. Here they are.
18. No longer does he drink coffee.
19. Outside the door he stood.
20. Not until they were robbed of money did they become more careful.

Bài 2. Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. Never before had she been so happy.
2. Never have I heard such nonsense
3. Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life
4. Never have our profits been higher than they are this year
5. Never before had the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
6. Never have I come across such a horrifying film.
7. Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
8. Never before had I tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors
9. Never do I go to school late
10. Never in my life have I seen anyone as much as you.
11. Never shall I forget you

Bài 3. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. Rarely does one find good service these days
2. Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village
3. Seldom public borrowing has been so high
4. Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
5. Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
6. Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent
7. Little did she realize what would happen to her next.
8. Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger

Bài 4. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1. Not only is he my friend but also yours
2. Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me
3. Not only did Harry break his leg but also injured his shoulder
4. Not only is he intelligent but also handsome
5. Not only is she impatient but dishonest as well
6. Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat.
7. Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations.
8. Not only is she beautiful but also attractive
9. Not did he translate fast but also correctly.
10. Not only are they good at mathematics but also at science.
11. Not only does she sing but also dances.

Bài 5. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang.
2. Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
3. Not until the bell rang did he finish his work
4. Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease
5. Under the table was lying a sleeping dog
6. Rarely had his brother been more excited.
7. Only until later were the facts all made public
8. Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.

Bài 6. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that
it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad
2. Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
3. Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat
4. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it.
5. Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business.
6. Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave.
7. Only later did I realize who he was.
8. Only using force could the door be opened.
9. Only until Tom's apologized will I agree.
10. Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete.

Bài 7. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1. Should the Government be forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win.
2. Should you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9. A.M
3. Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
4. Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.
5. Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
6. Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.
7. Should you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.

Bài 8. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1. Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing.
2. Were I sent to prison would you visit me?
3. Had I seen the signal I would have stopped.
4. Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car.
5. Were I you, I would tell him the truth.
6. Were he not busy right now, he could help them.
7. Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
8. Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
9. Had I he not been angry, I would have said something.
10. Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.

Bài 9. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.
1 - So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach.
2 - So strong is he that he can lift the box.
3 - Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him.
4 - So much food did he eat that he became ill.
5 - Such hot coffee is it that I can’t drink it.
6 - So many books did he buy that he didn’t know where to put them.
7 - Such a soft voice does she has that everyone likes her.
8 - So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it.
9 - Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him.
10 - So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair.
11 - Such a foggy day was it that we couldn’t see the road.
12 - So good was this tea that I’ll have another cup.

Bài 10. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. Not only did he spend all his money but she also borrowed some from me.
2. No sooner had I left the office than the phone rang.
3. Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.
4. Not until the bell rang did he finish his work.
5. Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease.
6. Never in my life have seen anyone drink as much as you.
7. Under the table was lying a sleeping dog.
8. Rarely had his brother been more excited.
9. Only later were all the facts made public.
10. Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
11. Such was the responsible to our appeal that we has to take on more staff
12. Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured his shoulder.
13. Little did the police suspect that the judgment was the murderer.
14. Should you see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
15. In no way can the bus be blamed for the accident.
16. So heavy was the snowfall that all the trains had to be cancelled.
17.Were the government to write interest rates they would lose the election.
18. No sooner had I got into the bath than someone knocked on the door.
19. Such was the uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
20.Seldom is there so much rain in March.