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CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THẬT Ở QUÁ KHỨ
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If I had known...I wish I had known...

A. Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:

Tháng trước Gary phải nằm viện để phẫu thuật. Liz không biết điều này, vì vậy nên cô ấy không đến thăm anh. Họ mới gặp vài ngày trước. Liz nói:
If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you.

Liz nói: If I had known you were in hospital… Tình huống thực tế đó là cô ấy không biết anh nằm viện

When you are talking about the past, you use if + had ('d)… (if I had known/been/done etc.):

- I didn't see you when you passed me in the street. If I'd seen you, of course I would have said hello. (but I didn't see you)
- I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I hadn't been so tired. (but I was tired)
- If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking)
- The view was wonderful. If I'd had a camera, I would have taken some photographs. (but I didn't have a camera)

So sánh:

- I'm not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something. (now)
- I wasn't hungry. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past)

B. Không sử dụng would trong mệnh đề có if của câu. Chúng ta sử dụng would trong mệnh đề kia của câu:

- If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (không nói ‘If I would have seen you’)

Chú ý rằng 'd có thể là would hoặc had:

- If I'd seen you. (I'd seen = I had seen)
- I'd have said hello. (I'd have said = I would have said)

C. Chúng ta sử dụng had (done) theo cùng một cách sau wish. I wish something had happened = I am sorry that it didn't happen:

- I wish I'd known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (but I didn't know)
- I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake)
- Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (you didn't study science)
- The weather was cold while we were away. I wish it had been warmer.

Không sử dụng would have… sau wish trong những câu này:

- I wish it had been warmer. (không nói ‘I wish it would have been’)

D. So sánh would (do) và would have (done):

- If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now - present)
- If I had gone to the party last night, I would have met lots of people. (I didn't meet lots of people - past)

So sánh would have, could have và might have:
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[Butchi]

Bài tập thực hành

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
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Bài 1: Put the verb into the correct form.

1. I didn't know you were in hospital. If ..........I'd known....... (I/know), I............... would have gone....................... (I/go) to visit you.
2. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If, ........................ (he/miss) it ............................. (he/be) late for his interview.
3. It's good that you reminded me about Ann's birthday. ............................... (I/forget) if............................. (you/not/remind) me.
4. Unfortunately, I didn't have my address book with me when I was in New York. If ......................... (I/have) your address, .....................................
(I/send) you a postcard.
5. A: How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time?
B: It was OK, but................................ (we/enjoy) it more if ............................. (the weather/be) better.
6. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. ................................(it/be) quicker if ............................. (I/walk).
7. I'm not tired. If .............................. (I/be) tired, I'd go home now.
8. I wasn't tired last night. If ................................ (I/be) tired, I would have gone home earlier.


Bài 2: Write a sentence with if for each situation.

1. I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
.....................If I'd been hungry, I would have eaten something............................
2. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
If the driver in front............................................................................................................................
3. I didn't know that George had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
if I ..................................................................................................................................................
4. I was able to buy the car only because Jim tent me the money.
........................................................................................................................................................
5. Margaret wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
.......................................................................................................................................................
6. You didn't have any breakfast - that's why you're hungry now.
........................................................................................................................................................
7. I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money on me.
.........................................................................................................................................................

Bài 3: Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish ...

1. You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say: ...............I wish I hadn't eaten so much.......................
2. There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I................................................................................................................................................................
3. When you were younger, you didn't learn to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say:............................................................................................................................................................................
4. You've painted the gate red. Now you think that it doesn't look very nice.
You say: ............................................................................................................................................................................
5. You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but you didn't bring your camera.
You say: ..............................................................................................................................................................................
6. You have some unexpected guests. They didn't tell you they were coming. You are very busy and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself): ...........................................................................................................................................................


ĐÁP ÁN

Spoiler

Bài 1

2 he'd missed/he had missed ... he would have been/he'd have been

3 I would have forgotten/I'd have forgotten ... you hadn't reminded

4 I'd had/I had had ... I'd have sent/I would have sent

5 we'd have enjoyed/we would have enjoyed ... the weather had been

6 It would have been ... I'd walked / I had walked

7 I was/I were

8 I'd been tired/I had been tired

Bài 2

2 If the driver in front hadn't stopped so suddenly, the accident wouldn't have happened.

3 If I'd/I had known that George had to get up early, I'd/I would have woken him up.

4 If Jim hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have been able to buy the car. or ... I couldn't have bought the car.

5 If Margaret hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she'd/she would have been injured.

6 If you'd/you had had (some) breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry now.

7 If I'd/I had had some money on me, I'd/I would have got a taxi.

Bài 3

2 I wish I'd/I had applied for it. or ... for the job.

3 I wish I'd/I had learned to play a musical instrument.

4 I wish I hadn't painted it red./... painted the gate red.

5 I wish I'd/I had brought my camera.

6 I wish they'd/they had told me they were coming. or I wish I'd/I had known they were coming.