Transitive and intransitive verbs (Ngoại động từ và nội động từ)

[Đỗ Thị Lan Hương]

Nội động từ và ngoại động từ là gì? Chúng ta cùng tìm hiểu qua bài viết dưới đây nhé!

Transitive and intransitive verbs
(Ngoại động từ và nội động từ)​

I. Transitive Verbs
- A transitive verb is one that is used with an object: a noun, phrase, or pronoun that refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. In the following sentences, admire, maintain, face, and love are transitive verbs:
I admire your courage.
We need to maintain product quality.
I couldn’t face him today.
She loves animals.

- Some transitive verbs can be used with a direct object and an indirect object:

Liz brought	her	a glass of water.
	[indirect object]	[direct object]
He sent	her	a letter.
	[indirect object]	[direct object]

Here is a short list of some common verbs that can take a direct and indirect object:

Verb	Example
give	Pat gave me a book for my birthday.
buy	Can I buy you a drink?
pass	Paul passed her a cup of coffee.
make	Shall I make us some lunch?
sell	Jenny was trying to sell me her car.
take	We took Maria some flowers and wine.
show	Show me your holiday photos.
offer	The company has offered me a job.
leave	Leave me a message and I’ll get back to you.
wish	Everyone wished us all the best for the future.
lend	Could you lend me £20?
cost	Ben’s mistake cost him his job.

II. Intransitive verbs
- An intransitive verb does not have an object. In the following sentences, cry, work, laugh, and talk are intransitive verbs:
The baby was crying.
I work for a large firm in Paris.
They laughed uncontrollably.
We talked for hours.

- Transitive and intransitive verbs
Many verbs can be transitive or intransitive. For example:
The choir sang carols. [transitive]
Pete always sings in the bath. [intransitive]
She left London on June 6. [transitive]
I want to leave early. [intransitive]

- Here is a short list of some common verbs that can be transitive or intransitive:

Verb	Transitive	Intransitive
move	Could you move your car please?	The trees were moving in the breeze.
start	Taylor was found guilty of starting the fire.	The match starts at 3 p.m.
change	Marriage hasn’t changed her.	The area’s changed greatly in the last decade.
close	Close your eyes; I’ve got a surprise for you.	Most shops here close at 5.30 p.m.
open	Open the window; it’s too hot in here!	The museum opens at 10 a.m.
stop	Greg tried to stop her from leaving.	When the rain stopped, we went for a walk.
do	Have you done your coursework?	Joe’s doing well in his new job.
set	Kate set a chair next to the bed.	The sun was setting and a red glow filled the sky.
run	Michelle used to run a restaurant.	The path ran over the hill.
live	Our cat lived till he was 10.	He was living a life of luxury abroad.
wash	Have you washed your hands?	I washed, dressed, and went out.
write	Write your name here.	Kevin couldn’t read or write.

• Direct objects and indirect objects[ Tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp]

There are two different types of object: direct objects and indirect objects. A direct object is, as its name suggests, directly affected by the action of the main verb. In the following two sentences, ‘a drink’ and ‘a story’ are direct objects: ‘a drink’ was bought and ‘a story’ was being read.

Jonathan	bought	a drink.
[subject]		[direct object]
He	was reading	a story.
[subject]		[direct object]

An indirect object is usually a person or thing that benefits in some way from the action of the main verb. Take a look at the following sentences:

Jonathan	bought	Catherine	a drink.
[subject]		[indirect object]	[direct object]
He	was reading	his daughter	a story.
[subject]		[indirect object]	[direct object]

‘Catherine’ has received a drink, but it is ‘the drink’ that has been bought. ‘His daughter’ is hearing the story, but it’s ‘the story’ that is being read. You can often reword such sentences to make it easier to identify the direct object:
Jonathan bought a drink for Catherine.
He was reading a story to his daughter.

Trên đây là kiến thức cơ bản về nội động từ và ngoại động từ. Hi vọng bài viết này sẽ trở thành tài liệu tham khảo giúp ích cho các bạn trong quá trình học tập.

_Chúc các bạn học tốt!_​