Sử dụng Adverb Clauses với trạng từ chỉ thời gian (Time Expressions)

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Trong phần này, chúng ta cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau:

Dấu câu (Punctuation)

Khi một adverb clause bắt đầu một câu, ta sử dụng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Ví dụ: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch.. Khi một adverb clause kết thúc câu ta không cần dùng dấu phẩy.

Ví dụ: He gave me a call when he arrived in town.
Adverb Clauses với thời gian

When

• He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
• When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
• I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.
• We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.

'When' có nghĩa là 'tại thời điểm đó (at that moment, at that time, etc.'). Chú ý sự khác nhau về thì được sử dụng trong mệnh đề bắt đầu với when. Cần phải nhớ rằng 'when' có thể là quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại đơn - mệnh đề phụ thay đổi thì theo mệnh đề có 'when'.

Bây giờ chúng ta thử đọc phần giải thích ngữ pháp của các trạng từ bên dưới bằng tiếng Anh xem sao nha. Nếu không hiểu mình sẽ giải đáp.

Before

• We will finish before he arrives.
• She (had) left before I telephoned.

'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past OR the present.

After

• We will finish after he comes.
• She ate after I (had) left.

'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events.

While, as

• She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
• As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.

'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progess.

By the time

• By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
• We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.

'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time.

Until, till

• We waited until he finished his homework.
• I'll wait till you finish.

'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English.

Since

• I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
• They have worked here since 1987.

'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time.

As soon as

• He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
• As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.

'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used.

Whenever, every time

• Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".
• We take a hike every time he visits.

'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action.

The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time

• The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
• I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.
• The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.

The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time'. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened.

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