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[Butchi]

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THỰC Ở HIỆN TẠI (IF I KNEW....I WISH I KNEW...)​

Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:

Sue muốn gọi điện cho Paul nhưng cô ấy không thể vì cô ấy không biết số của anh ấy. Cô ấy nói:

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

Sue nói: If I knew his number… Điều này cho chúng ta biết rằng cô ấy không biết số của anh ấy. Cô ấy đang tưởng tượng tình huống. Tình huống thực tế đó là cô ấy không biết số của anh ấy.

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Khi bạn tưởng tượng một tình huống như vậy, bạn sử dụng if + quá khứ (if I knew / if you were / if we didn't...). Nhưng nghĩa là hiện tại, không phải quá khứ:

- Tom would read more if he had more time. (but he doesn't have much time)
- If I didn't want to go to the party, I wouldn't go. (but I want to go)
- We wouldn't have any money if we didn't work. (but we work)
- If you were in my position, what would you do?
- It's a pity you can't drive. It would be useful if you could.

Chúng ta sử dụng dạng quá khứ tương tự như vậy sau wish (I wish I knew /I wish you were ..). Chúng ta sử dụng wish để nói rằng chúng ta tiếc về điều gì, rằng một điều gì đó không giống như là chúng ta muốn:

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- I wish I knew Paul's phone number. (= I don't know it and I regret this)
- Do you ever wish you could fly? (you can't fly)
- It rains a lot here. I wish it didn't rain so often.
- It's very crowded here. I wish there weren't so many people. (but there are a lot of people)
- I wish I didn't have to work. (but I have to work)

Sau if và wish, bạn có thể sử dụng were thay cho was (if I were /I wish it were ...). Vì vậy bạn có thể nói:

- If I were you, I wouldn't buy that coat. hoặc If I was you…
- I'd go out if it weren't raining. hoặc … if it wasn't raining.
- I wish it were possible. hoặc I wish it was possible.

Chúng ta thường không sử dụng would trong trong mệnh đề if hoặc sau wish:

- If I were rich, I would have a yacht. (không nói ‘If I would be rich’)
- I wish I had something to read. (không nói ‘I wish I would have’)

Đôi khi wish … would cũng được chấp nhận (‘I wish you would listen’).

Chú ý rằng could đôi khi có nghĩa là ‘would be able to’ và đôi khi là ‘was/were able to’:

- You could get a job more easily (you could get = you would be able to get)
- if you could speak a foreign language. (you could speak = you were able to speak)

 

[Butchi]

Bài tập thực hành

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
​

Bài 1: Put the verb into the correct form.

1. They would be rather offended if I ...............didn't go...................... to see them. (not/go)
2. If you took more exercise, you _would feel_ better. (feel)
3. If I was offered the job, I think I..................................it. (take)
4. I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I'd be very surprised if she................................ (refuse)
5. If I sold my car, I................................much money for it. (not/get)
6. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory.................................. (close down)
7. What would happen if I............................ that red button? (press)
8. Liz gave me this ring. She..............................very upset if I lost it. (be)
9. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we .................................. (not/come)
10. Would Tim mind if I................................his bicycle without asking him? (borrow)
11. If somebody ............................... in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened. (walk)
12. I'm sure Sue ...............................if you explained the situation to her. (understand)


Bài 2: You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if ...?

1. (Maybe one day your friend will win a lot of money.)
.................What would you do if you won a lot of money?..............
2. (Your friend's car has never been stolen but perhaps one day it will be.)
What.................................................................................................................................................
3. (Perhaps one day your friend will lose his/her passport.)
.........................................................................................................................................................
4. (There has never been a fire in the building.)
.........................................................................................................................................................

Bài 3: Answer the questions in the way shown.

1. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train?
B: No. (arrive/too early)......................If we caught the 10.30 train, we'd arrive too early.......................
2. A: Is Ken going to take the examination?
B: No. (fall) If he...................................................................................................................................
3. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?
B: No. (cost too much money) If ...........................................................................................................
4. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?
B: No. (not/get it) If..............................................................................................................................
5. A: Let's tell them the truth.
B: No. (not/believe us) If ........................................................................................................................
6. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?
B: No. (have to invite his friends too)
..........................................................................................................................................................


Bài 4: Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1. If you took more exercise, ................you'd feel better....................
2. I'd feel very angry if...........................................................................................................................
3. If I didn't go to work tomorrow, ....................................................................................................................
4. Would you go to the party if .......................................................................................................................
5. If you bought some new clothes,...................................................................................................................
6. Would you mind if......................................................................................................................................


ĐÁP ÁN

Spoiler

Bài 1

3 would take/'d take

4 refused

5 wouldn't get

6 closed down (or was/were closed down)

7 pressed

8 would be/'d be

9 didn't come

10 borrowed

11 walked

12 would understand

Bài 2

2 What would you do if your car was stolen or ... were stolen

3 What would you do if you lost your passport)

4 What would you do if there was a fire in the building? or ... if there were a fire in the building?

Bài 3

2 If he took the examination, he'd fail. or ... he would fail.

3 If we stayed at a hotel, it would cost too much money.

4 If she applied for the job, she wouldn't get it.

5 If we told them the truth, they wouldn't believe us.

6 If we invited Bill to the party, we'd have to invite his friends too.

37.4 Example answers:

2 somebody broke into my house.

3 I'd have a much nicer day than usual.

4 you were invited?

5 you'd look much nicer.

6 I didn't come out with you this evening?