Kiến thức toàn tập về câu bị động

[Butchi]

KIẾN THỨC TOÀN TẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
​

Các bạn yêu thích môn tiếng Anh thân mến!

Câu bị động là một phạm trù ngữ pháp có trong rất nhiều ngôn ngữ, kể cả trong tiếng Việt. Tuy nhiên, đối với tiếng Anh, việc sử dụng bị động trở nên rất phổ biến. Việc sử dụng câu bị động được cho là một cách diễn đạt tế nhị và "phải phép" trong giao tiếp. Ví dụ: It is said that he had resigned because of a sex scandal. Với cách sử dụng bị động, người nói không ám chỉ ai, vậy có nghĩa là không đụng chạm đến ai...

Đi sâu vào nghiên cứu về bị động, chúng ta sẽ cảm nhận được cái hay của nó.

Trong đề tài này, butchi sẽ cố gắng tổng hợp kiến thức liên quan đến tất cả các khía cạnh của câu bị động, mỗi phần đều có bài tập đi kèm để người học luyện tập cho dễ hiểu.

Bây giờ chúng ta cùng bắt đầu nhé.

PHẦN 1: IS DONE/WAS DONE

Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:

View attachment 10881

Chúng ta sử dụng động từ chủ động để nói rằng chủ thể làm việc đó:

- My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1930.
- It's a big company. It employs two hundred people.

Chúng ta sử dụng chủ ngữ bị động để nói điều gì đã xảy ra đối với chủ thể:

- This house is quite old. It was built in 1930.
- Two hundred people are employed by the company.

Khi chúng ta sử dụng bị động, ai hoặc điều gì gây nên hành động thường là không được biết hoặc không quan trọng:

- A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (somebody stole it but we don't know who)
- Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? - it's not important who)

Nếu chúng ta muốn nói ai hoặc điều gì gây nên hành động, chúng ta sử dụng by…:

- This house was built by my grandfather.
- Two hundred people are employed by the company.

Mẫu câu của bị động là be (is/was/have been etc.) + the past participle (done/cleaned/seen etc.):
(be) done (be) cleaned (be) seen (be) damaged (be) built etc


Nghiên cứu dạng thức chủ động và bị động của Present Simple và Past Simple:

View attachment 10880

Present Simple
active: clean(s)/see(s) etc.

passive: am/is/are cleaned/seen etc.

- Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
- I'm not often invited to parties.
- How is this word pronounced?

Past Simple
active: cleaned/saw etc.

passive: was/were cleaned/seen etc.
- We were woken up by a loud noise during the night.
- «Did you go to the party?» «No, I wasn't invited.»
- How much money was stolen?

 

[Butchi]

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Bài 1: Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:

cause..... damage .....hold .....include..... invite .....make .....overtake .....show .....translate..... write

1. Many accidents ........are caused..........by dangerous driving.
2. Cheese........................ from milk.
3. The roof of the building .........................in a storm a few days ago.
4. There's no need to leave a tip. Service ............................in the bill.
5. You.........................to the wedding. Why didn't you go?
6. A cinema is a place where films...........................
7. In the United States, elections for President.........................every four years.
8. Originally the book........................... in Spanish and a few years ago it
9. We were driving along quite fast but we.........................by lots of other cars.


Bài 2: Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.

1. Ask about the telephone. (when/invent?)
.................When was the telephone invented?..................
2. Ask about glass. (how/make?) How ..........................................................................................
3. Ask about Australia. (when/discover?)........................................................................................
4. Ask about silver. (what/use for?)................................................................................................
5. Ask about television. (when/invent?)...........................................................................................


41.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.

1. It's a big factory. Five hundred people ................are employed................(employ) there.
2. Water........................(cover) most of the Earth's surface.
3. Most of the Earth's surface ..............................(cover) by water.
4. The park gates........................ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.
5. The letter....................(post) a week ago and it ....................... (arrive) yesterday.
6. The boat............................(sink) quickly but fortunately everybody...........................(rescue).
7. Ron's parents....................... (die) when he was very young. He and his sister ............................ (bring) up by their grandparents.
8. I was born in London but I........................ (grow) up in the north of England.
9. While I was on holiday, my camera ........................... (steal) from my hotel room.
10. While I was on holiday, my camera ........................... (disappear) from my hotel room.
11. Why............................ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?
12. Why...............................(Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?
13. The company is not independent. It.......................... (own) by a much larger company.
14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody ...........................(call) an ambulance but nobody ..................... (injure) so the ambulance ........................(not/need).
15. Where ..........................(these photographs/take)? In London? ............................(you/take) them?


Bài 4: Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. write a passive sentence.

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. ..............The room is cleaned every day................
2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All..............................................................................
3. People don't use this road very often. .......................................................................................
4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. I .............................................................................
5. How do people learn languages? How .......................................................................................
6. People advised us not to go out alone. ......................................................................................


Đáp án

Spoiler

Bài 1

2 is made

3 was damaged

4 is included

5 were invited

6 are shown

7 are held

8 was written ... was translated

9 were overtaken

Bài 2

2 How is glass made?

3 When was Australia discovered?

4 What is silver used for?

5 When was television invented?

bài 3

2 covers

3 is covered

4 are locked

5 was posted ... arrived

6 sank ... was rescued

7 died ... were brought

8 grew

9 was stolen

10 disappeared

11 did Sue resign

12 was Bill sacked

13 is owned

14 called ... was injured ... wasn't needed

15 were these photographs taken ... Did you take

bài 4

2 All flights were cancelled because of fog.

3 This road isn't used very often.

4 I was accused of stealing money.

5 How are languages learnt?

6 We were advised not to go out alone.

 

[Butchi]

Phần 2: be/been/being done

PHẦN 2: BE/BEEN/BEING DONE​

Trong phần lý thuyết này, chúng ta sẽ nghiên cứu thể bị động đi với các thì khác nhau.

[f=800]https://server1.vnkienthuc.com/files/3/TiengAnh/been.pdf[/f]

 

[Butchi]

Bài tập thực hành

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH CHO PHẦN 2

Bài 1: What do these words mean? Use it can ... or it can't... . Use a dictionary if necessary.
If something is
1. washable, ...............it can be washed.....................
2. unbreakable, it ..............................................................................
3. edible, it .......................................................................................
4. unusable, .....................................................................................
5. invisible, .......................................................................................
6. portable, .......................................................................................

Bài 2: Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

carry......... cause .........do .........make .........repair......... send .........spend .........wake up

Sometimes you need have ('might have', 'could have' etc.).

1. The situation is serious. Something must ............be done............. before it's too late.
2. I haven't received the letter. It might ...........have been sent .............to the wrong address.
3. A decision will not .................................... until the next meeting.
4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to................................... at 6.30 the next morning.
5. Do you think that less money should .......................................on armaments?
6. This road is in very bad condition. It should.....................................a long time ago.
7. The injured man couldn't walk and had to ..........................................
8. It's not certain how the fire started but it might..................................... by an electrical fault.

Bài 3: Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.

1. Somebody has cleaned the room. ................The room has been cleaned...................
2. They have postponed the concert. The ...................................
3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer ..................................
4. I didn't realise that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn't realise that.................................
5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that .................................
6. They are building a new ring road round the city.....................................................................
7. They have built a new hospital near the airport. ......................................................................


Bài 4: Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.

1. There's somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow) ................I think we're being followed.....................
2. This room looks different. (you/paint?) ...................Have you painted it?.......................
3. My car has disappeared. (it/steal!) It......................................
4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take) Somebody....................................
5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) .........................................................
6. Ann can't use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate) ...............................................
7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it/work/again; it/repair)........................................................................
8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people/arrest/last night)...................................................................
9. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm).........................................................................................
10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody/see/since then)..................................................................................
11. I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you/ever/mug?)............................................................................................

ĐÁP ÁN

Spoiler

Bài 1:

Spoiler

2 can't be broken.

3 can be eaten.

4 it can't be used.

5 it can't be seen.

6 it can be carried.

Bài 2

3 he made

4 be woken up

5 be spent

6 have been repaired

7 be carried

8 have been caused

Bài 3

2 The concert has been postponed.

3 The computer is being used at the moment.

4 I didn't realise that our conversation was being recorded.

5 ... we found that the game had been cancelled.

6 A new ring road is being built round the city.

7 A new hospital has been built near the airport.

Bài 4

3 It has been stolen!/It's been stolen?

4 Somebody has taken it. or ... taken my umbrella.

5 He has been promoted./He's been promoted. or He was promoted.

6 It is being redecorated./It's being redecorated.

7 It is working again./It's working again . It has been repaired. It's been repaired.

8 Two people were arrested last night.

9 It had been blown down in the storm. or It was blown down.

10 Nobody has seen him since then.

11 Have you ever been mugged?

 

[thich van hoc]

Phần 3: Bị động với hai tân ngữ và Get

PHẦN 3: BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI 2 TÂN NGỮ VÀ GET​

[f=800]https://server1.vnkienthuc.com/files/3/TiengAnh/pasive_3.pdf[/f]

 

[Butchi]

Bài tập thực hành phần 3

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH PHẦN 3

Bài 1: When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each. (Two of them were born in the same year.)

Beethoven Galileo Elvis Presley 1452 1869 1929
Agatha Christie Mahatma Gandhi Leonardo da Vinci 1564 1891 1935
Walt Disney Martin Luther King William Shakespeare 1770 1901
1. ....................Walt Disney was born in 1901....................
2. ...........................................................................................................................
3. ............................................................................................................................
4..............................................................................................................................
5. .............................................................................................................................
6. ..............................................................................................................................
7. And you? I............................................................................................................


Bài 2: Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.

1. They didn't give me the money. I ....................wasn't given the money......................
2. They asked me some difficult questions at the interview. I.......................................................................
3. Janet's colleagues gave her a present when she retired. Janet.................................................................
4. Nobody told me that George was ill. I wasn't .........................................................................................
5. How much will they pay you? How much will you ...................................................................................
6. I think they should have offered Tom the job. I think Tom ........................................................................
7. Has anybody shown you what to do? Have you ......................................................................................

Bài 3: Complete the sentences using being + one of these verbs:

ask .........attack ......... give ......... invite ......... keep ......... pay

1. Mr Miller doesn't like ............being kept................waiting.
2. They went to the party without................................................................................
3. Most people like...............................................presents.
4. It's a dangerous city. People won't go out after dark because they are afraid of .......................................
5. I don't like ................................... stupid questions.
6. Few people are prepared to work without ..................................


Bài 4: Complete the sentences using get/got + one of these verbs (in the correct form):

ask......... break......... damage .........hurt.........pay......... steal .........sting .........stop......... use

1. There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt.
2. Ted...................by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
3. How did that window ..........................?
4. These tennis courts don't .........................very often, Not many people want to play.
5. I used to have a bicycle but it..............................
6. Last night I ..........................by the police as I was driving home.
7. How much did you ........................last month?
8. Please pack these things very carefully. I don't want them to.........................
9. People often want to know what my Job is. I often ........................... that question.

ĐÁP ÁN

Spoiler

Bài 1

Spoiler

2-6:

Beethoven was born in 1770.

Agatha Christie was born in 1891.

Galileo was born in 1564.

Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.

Martin Luther King was born in 1929.

Elvis Presley was born in 1935.

Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452.

William Shakespeire was born in 1564.

7 I was born in ...

Bài 2

2 I was asked some difficult questions at the interview.

3 Janet was given a present by her colleagues when she retired.

4 I wasn't told that George was ill.

5 How much will you be paid?

6 I think Tom should have been offered the job.

7 Have you been shown what to do?

Bài 3

2 being invited

3 being given

4 being attacked

5 being asked

6 being paid

Bài 4

2 got stung

3 get broken

4 get used

5 got stolen

6 got stopped

7 get paid

8 get damaged/get broken

9 get asked

 

[Butchi]

Phần 4: It is said that...

Unit 44. It is said that … He is said to … (be) supposed to …


Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:

​

Henry trông rất già. Không ai biết chính xác ông ấy bao nhiêu tuổi, nhưng:

It is said that he is 108 years old.
hoặc
He is said to be 108 years old.

Cả hai câu đều có nghĩa là: ‘People say that he is 108 years old.’

Bạn có thể sử dụng những cấu trúc này với một số những động từ khác nữa, đặc biệt là: thought believed considered reported known expected alleged understood

So sánh hai cấu trúc sau:

• Cathy works very hard.
  It is said that she works 16 hours a day. hoặc She is said to work 16 hours a day.
• The police are looking for a missing boy.
  It is believed that the boy is wearing a white pullover and blue jeans. hoặc The boy is believed to be wearing a white pullover and blue jeans.
• The strike started three weeks ago.
  It is expected that it will end soon. hoặc The strike is expected to end soon.
• A friend of mine has been arrested.
  It is alleged that he kicked a policeman. hoặc He is alleged to have kicked a policeman.
• Those two houses belong to the same family.
  It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.hoặc There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.

Những cấu trúc câu trên thường được sử dụng trong chương trình thời sự. Chẳng hạn, một tưởng thuật về một vụ tai nạn:

• It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. hoặc Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.

(Be) supposed to

Sometimes it is supposed to… = it is said to…:

• Let's go and see that film. It's supposed to be very good. (= it is said to be very good)
• ‘Why was he arrested?’ ‘He's supposed to have kicked a policeman.’ (= he is said to have kicked a policeman)

Nhưng đôi khi supposed to có nghĩa khác. ‘Something is supposed to happen’ = it is planned, arranged or expected. Thường thì điều này khác với những gì thực sự xảy ra:

• I'd better hurry. It's nearly 8 o'clock and I'm supposed to be meeting Ann at 8.15. (= I have arranged to meet Ann, I said I would meet her)
• The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late. (= the train was expected to arrive at 11.30 according to the timetable)
• You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn't you do it?

‘You're not supposed to do something’ = it is not allowed or advisable for you to do it:

• You're not supposed to park your car here. It's private parking only.
• Mr Bond is much better after his illness but he's still not supposed to do any heavy work. (= his doctors have advised him not to…)

 

[Butchi]

Bài tập thực hành phần 4

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH PHẦN 4​

Bài 1: Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the red word in your sentence.

1. It is expected that the strike will end soon. The strike ........is expected to end soon.........
2. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow. The weather is ..................................................
3. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. The thieves.......................................................
4. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods. Many people ..........................................................
5. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoner.........................................................
6. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. The man is...................................................
7. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by fire. The building...........................................................
8. a: It is said that the company is losing a lot of money. The company.....................................................................
b: It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year. The company............................................................
c: It is expected that the company will lose money this year. The company ...............................................................


Bài 2: People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example:

1 Arthur eats spiders.
2 He is very rich.
3. (He writes poetry.
4. (He has 12 children.)
5. (He robbed a bank a long time ago.

Nobody knows for sure whether these things are true or not. Write sentences about Arthur using (be) supposed to.
1. Arthur is supposed to eat spiders.
2. He..................................................................
3. .....................................................................
4. .....................................................................
5. ......................................................................


Bài 3: Now you have to use (be) supposed to with its other meaning. In each example what happens is different from what is supposed to happen. Use (be) supposed to + one of these verbs:

arrive...... be...... block...... come ......park ......phone ......start

Some of the sentences are negative (like the first example).

1. You..........'re not suppose to park.......... here. It's private parking only.
2. The train ............was supposed to arrive.............. at 11.30, but it was an hour late.
3. What are the children doing at home? They ....................at school at this time.
4. We ......................work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
5. This door is a fire exit. You ..................... it.
6. Oh dear! I ................ Ann but I completely forgot.
7. They arrived very early--at 2 o'clock. They ....................until 3.30.

ĐÁP ÁN

Spoiler

Bài 1

2 The weather is expected to be good tomorrow.

3 The thieves are believed to have get in through the kitchen window.

4 Many people are reported to be homeless after the floods.

5 The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over a wall.

6 The man is alleged to have driven through the town at 90 miles an hour.

7 The building is reported to have been badly damaged by fire.

8 a. The company is said to be losing a lot of money.

b. The company is believed to have lost a lot of money last year.

c. The company is expected to lose money this year.

Bài 2

2 He is supposed to be very rich.

3 He is supposed to write poetry.

4 He is supposed to have 12 children.

5 He is supposed to have robbed a bank a long time ago.

Bài 3

3 are/'re supposed to be

4 are/'re supposed to start

5 aren't/'re not supposed to block

6 was supposed to phone

7 weren't supposed to arrive or ... supposed to come