"If I do..." và "If I did..." (Phân biệt câu điều kiện loại 1 và loại 2)

[Butchi]

"IF I DO..." VÀ "IF I DID..." - PHÂN BIỆT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 VÀ LOẠI 2
​

A. So sánh các ví dụ sau:

(1) Sue bị mất đồng hồ. Cô ấy nghĩ có thể mất ở nhà Ann.

SUE: I think I left my watch at your house. Have you seen it?
ANN: No, but I'll have a look when I get home. If I find it, I'll tell you.
Trong ví dụ này, Ann cảm thấy có khả năng xảy ra là cô ấy sẽ tìm thấy cái đồng hồ. Vì thế cô ấy nói: If I find…, I'll… .

(2) Ann nói: If I found a wallet in the street, I'd take it to the police.

Đây là một trường hợp khác. Ở đây, Ann không nghĩ về một khả năng thực tế; cô ấy đang tưởng tượng tình huống và không mong đợi rằng sẽ nhặt được chiếc ví trên phố. Vì vậy cô nói: If I found…, I'd (= I would)… (không nói ‘If I find…, I'll…’).

Khi bạn tưởng tượng một điều như vậy, bạn sử dụng if + Quá khứ (if I found / if you were / if we didn't ...). Nhưng nghĩa thì không phải quá khứ:

- What would you do if you won a million pounds? (we don't really expect this to happen)
- I don't really want to go to their party, but I probably will go. They'd be offended if I didn't go.
- Sarah has decided not to apply for the job. She isn't really qualified for it, so she probably wouldn't get it if she applied.

View attachment 10803

B. Chúng ta thường không sử dụng would trong mệnh để if của câu:

- I'd be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me. (không nói ‘if somebody would point’)
- If I didn't go to their party, they'd be offended. (không nói ‘If I wouldn't go’)

Nhưng có thể nói ‘if… would’ khi bạn nhờ ai làm việc gì:

(trong một bức thư) I would be grateful if you would send me your brochure as soon as possible.

- ‘Shall I close the door?’ ‘Yes, please, if you would.’

C. Trong phần khác của câu (không phải phần có if) chúng ta sử dụng would ('d) / wouldn't:

- If you took more exercise, you'd (= you would) probably feel healthier.
- Would you mind if I used your phone?
- I'm not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn't sleep (if I went to bed now).

Could và might cũng sử dụng được:

- If you took more exercise, you might feel healthier. (= it is possible that you would feel healthier)
- If it stopped raining, we could go out. (= we would be able to go out)

D. Không sử dụng when trong các câu như vậy trong bài này:

- They would be offended if we didn't accept their invitation. (không nói ‘when we didn't’)
- What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? (không nói ‘when you were bitten’)

 

[Butchi]

Bài tập thực hành

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
​

Bài 1: Put the verb into the correct form.

1. They would be rather offended if I .................didn't go.................. to see them. (not/go)
2. If you took more exercise, you........................would feel....................... better. (feel)
3. If I was offered the job, I think I .............................it. (take)
4. I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I'd be very surprised if she................................. (refuse)
5. If I sold my car, I............................... much money for it. (not/get)
6. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory ........................................ (close down)
7. What would happen if I......................................that red button? (press)
8. Liz gave me this ring. She................................very upset if I lost it. (be)
9. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ............................... (not/come)
10. Would Tim mind if I......................................his bicycle without asking him? (borrow)
11. If somebody.................................. in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened. (walk)
12. I'm sure Sue ................................... if you explained the situation to her. (understand)


Bài 2: You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if ...?

1. (Maybe one day your friend will win a lot of money.)
.....................What would you do if you won a lot of money?..........................
2. (Your friend's car has never been stolen but perhaps one day it will be.)
What ..................................................................................................................................................
3. (Perhaps one day your friend will lose his/her passport.)
............................................................................................................................................................
4. (There has never been a fire in the building.)
...........................................................................................................................................................

Bài 3: Answer the questions in the way shown.

1. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train?
B: No. (arrive/too early).......................If we caught the 10.30 train, we'd arrive too early.......................
2. A: Is Ken going to take the examination?
B: No. (fall) If he .....................................................................................................................................
3. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?
B: No. (cost too much money) If ..............................................................................................................
4. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?
B: No. (not/get it) If .................................................................................................................................
5. A: Let's tell them the truth.
B: No. (not/believe us) If .........................................................................................................................
6. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?
B: No. (have to invite his friends too)
...............................................................................................................................................................

Bài 4: Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1. If you took more exercise, ......................you'd feel better.......................
2. I'd feel very angry if .................................................................................................
3. If I didn't go to work tomorrow....................................................................................
4. Would you go to the party if .......................................................................................
5. If you bought some new clothes..................................................................................
6. Would you mind if .....................................................................................................


ĐÁP ÁN

Spoiler

Bài 1

3 would take/'d take

4 refused

5 wouldn't get

6 closed down (or was/were closed down)

7 pressed

8 would be/'d be

9 didn't come

10 borrowed

11 walked

12 would understand

Bài 2

2 What would you do if your car was stolen or ... were stolen

3 What would you do if you lost your passport)

4 What would you do if there was a fire in the building? or ... if there were a fire in the building?

Bài 3

2 If he took the examination, he'd fail. or ... he would fail.

3 If we stayed at a hotel, it would cost too much money.

4 If she applied for the job, she wouldn't get it.

5 If we told them the truth, they wouldn't believe us.

6 If we invited Bill to the party, we'd have to invite his friends too.

37.4 Example answers:

2 somebody broke into my house.

3 I'd have a much nicer day than usual.

4 you were invited?

5 you'd look much nicer.

6 I didn't come out with you this evening?