Câu điều kiện

[FRIENDLYBOY]

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
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A. Câu điều kiện loại I (the conditional sentence type I)

1. Cấu trúc

Clause 1 (the simple future) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)

2. Cách sử dụng và ví dụ

– Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ví dụ:
I’ll visit Ho Chi Minh city if I have time.
We’ll pass the exam if we work hard.

3. Các biến thể cơ bản

Clause 1 (might/do +V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)

→ để chỉ khả năng khách quan

Ví dụ: It’s sunny. We may get a headache if we go out without a hat.


Clause 1 (may/can + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)

→ để chỉ sự cho phép

Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test.


Clause 1 (must/should + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)

→ để chỉ yêu cầu, đề nghị.

Ví dụ: You must do exercises if you want to get good marks.

4. If….not…= Unless

Ví dụ:

- I won’t visit you if I don’t have time
→ Unless I have time, I won’t visit you.

- We’ll go camping if the weather is fine.
→ Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping.

- If you miss seeing the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it.
→ Unless you see the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it.

Chú ý : mệnh đề chứa “unless” không dùng dạng phủ định.

B. Câu điều kiện loại II (the conditional sentence type II)

1. Cấu trúc

Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)

2. Cách sử dụng và ví dụ

– Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

Ví dụ:
If it were cold now, we wouldn’t switch on the fans.
(but it’s hot and we have to switch on the fans)
I would fly if I were a bird.
(but I am not a bird and I can’t fly)


Chú ý : Chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi, không dùng “was”

3. Các biến thể cơ bản

Clause 1 (might/ could + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)

→ chỉ khả năng

Ví dụ: He might succeed if he tried

I could speak French well if I lived in France.


C. Câu điều kiện loại III (the conditional sentence type III)

1. Cấu trúc cơ bản

Clause 1 (would have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (the past perfect)

2. Cách sử dụng và ví dụ

– Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.

Ví dụ:
a. Miss Phuong wouldn’t have won the prize if she hadn’t attended the beauty contest.
(but the fact that she attended and she won the prize)
b. We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully.
(but the fact that we didn’t prepare our last lesson carefully and we didn’t get good marks).

3. Các biến thể cơ bản

Clause 1 (could have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)

→ chỉ sự chủ quan, sự cho phép.

Ví dụ:
I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week.
You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night.

Clause 1 (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)

→ chỉ khả năng khách quan.

Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much.

D. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp II, III (the mixed conditional sentence type II and III)

1. Cấu trúc cơ bản

Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)

2. Ví dụ:

If I had been born in town, I would like life there.
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now)
If I followed your advice, I would have a job now.
(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now)

3. But for + noun + điều kiện loại II, III
But for: nếu không có…

Ví dụ:
You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.
She encouraged him and he succeeded.
→ But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
The teacher explained and we understood.
→ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood.

E. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện

1. Điều kiện loại I

• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu
If he should ring , I will tell him the news.
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news.

• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.
→ Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
If she comes early, we’ll start.
→ Should she come early, we’ll start.


2. Điệu kiện loại II

• Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
→ Were I a bird, I would fly.
They would answer me if they were here.
→ Were they here, they would answer me.

• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming.
→ Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.

3. Điều kiện loại III

• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
→ Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.

Chú ý : ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:

Had it not been so late, we would have called you.

Bài tập1 : Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng
1. Bring him another if he (not/like) this one.
2. She (be) angry if she (hear) this tomorrow.
3. Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident.
4. If you (like), I (get) you a job in this company.
5. If grandmother (be) 5 years younger, she (play) some games.
6. If he sun (stop) shinning, there (be) no light on earth.
7. If I (be) a millionaire, I (live) on Mars.


Bài tập 2 : Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
–> If I………………………………….
2. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
–> But for………………………………………
3. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
–> If I ………………………………………
4. I only come if they invite me.
–> Unless……………………….
5. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
–> If he………………………………………… ……
6. His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.
–> But for………………………………………
7. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
–> If you walk……………………………….
8. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
–> If it……………………………..


Bài tập 3 : Sửa các câu sai sau:
1. Should anyone rang, could you take a message?
2. Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done.
3. Was I a bird, I would fly.
4. Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this company.
5. Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming.


Đáp án:

Spoiler

Bài 1:
1. Bring him another if he doesn’t like this one.
2. She will be angry if she hears this tomorrow.
3. Unless you are more careful, you will have an accident.
4. If you like, I will get you a job in this company.
5. If grandmother were 5 years younger, she would play some games.
6. If the sun stopped shinning, there would be no light on earth.
7. If I were a millionaire, I would live on Mars.


Bài 2:

Spoiler

1. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
–> If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now.
2. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
–> But for rain, we would have a better crop.
3. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
–> If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it.
4. I only come if they invite me.
–> Unless they invite me, I won’t come.
5. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
–> If he had revised all his lessons, he wouldn’t have failed the exam.
6. His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.
–> But for his sister’s money, he wouldn’t have continued to study.
7. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
–> If you walk to the park, it will take you 5 minutes.
8. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
–> If it rains, we’ll stay at home.


Bài 3:
1. Rang –> ring
2. Were –> had
3. Was –> were
4. You don’t have –> you have
5. Were they live –> were they to live

Bài viết sưu tầm
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[FRIENDLYBOY]

Conditional-câu điều kiện

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (Conditionals)
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I- Mấy lưu ý về câu điều kiện:

v Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và một phần còn lại nêu lên kết quả hay được gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.

Ví dụ: If it rains, I will stay at home.
You will pass the exam if you work hard.

Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ được cho nhau
Ví dụ: You will pass the exam if you work hard.

II- Các loại câu điều kiện:

Type 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: If I have enough money, I will buy a new car.

(Simple present + simple Future)

Type 2: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai -ước muốn ở hiện tại. (Nhưng thực tế khổng thể xảy ra được).

Ví dụ: If I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half.

( I have some money only now)

If I were the president, I would build more hospitals.

(Simple present + future Future (would))

Chú ý: Ở câu điều kiện loại 2 (Type 2), trong vế "IF", to be của các ngôi chia giống nhau và là từ "were", chứ không phải "was".

Type 3: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ. (nhưng thực tế khổng thể xảy ra được).

Ví dụ: If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa.

[Past Perfect + Perfect Conditional]

If we had found him earlier, we might/could saved his life.

Type 4: Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp:

Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác nhau được dùng diễn tả điều kiện trong mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện với "If". Ngoài 3 loại chính nêu trên, một số loại sau cũng được sử dụng trong giao tiếp và ngôn ngữ viết:

1- Type 3 + Type 2:

Ví dụ: If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now.
(He is not a student now)

If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.

Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo.
- Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2/3, Type 2 và Type 3 thường được dùng ở dạng đảo.
Ví dụ: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals.
Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now.

If not = Unless.
- Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện - lúc đó Unless = If not.
Ví dụ: Unless we start at once, we will be late.
If we don't start at once we will be late.
Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams

 

[Butchi]

Các bạn theo dõi thêm video nhé

 

[Bạch Việt]

Bài tập về câu điều kiện

Bài tập về câu điều kiện

1. He works hard and he will pass his exam.
=> If...

2. He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t work hard.
=> If...

3. We can avoid waiting by working the tickets in advance.
=> If...

4. She didn’t hurry so she missed the train.
=> If...

5. They wanted to buy the house, but they hadn’t got enough money.
=> If they...

6. We must go or we’ll be late.
=> If...

7. He was planning to go to teacher training college but his father died.
=> If his father...

8. They didn’y follow the map, so they got lost.
=> If they...

9. He was driving very fast because he didn’t know the road was icy.
=> If he...

10. I regret not going to the airport to say good bye.
=>If...
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[tuan1990]