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<blockquote data-quote="conan_sea" data-source="post: 163005" data-attributes="member: 93121">Câu điều kiện - thể giả địnhCONDITIONAL SENTENCESA. Lý thuyết:I. Câu điều kiện:Nhắc lại các sử dụng, cấu trúc của 3 loại câu điều kiện cơ bản:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; If - clause&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Main clause- Type 1: S&nbsp; + V (htđ),&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp; + V ( will do )&nbsp;- Type 2: S + V (qkđ),&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; S + would (could, should, might) + V&nbsp;&nbsp;- Type 3: S + had + P2,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp; +&nbsp; V&nbsp; would have P2&nbsp;Ex : I’ll pick you up at&nbsp; the part if you phone me.* Note : Unless = If … notEx: If I were you, I wouldn&#039;t do such a thing.Ex : If he had taken his father’s advice yesterday, he would not have got wet.&nbsp;II. Mix conditionals:Cách dùng:Câu điều kiện này diễn tả điều kiện giả định ở quá khứ và kết quả khộng được thực hiện ở hiện tạiCấu trúc:If S + had + P2, S + would (could, should, might) + V&nbsp;III. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Đã học ở bài Inversion)Đảo ngữ trong cầu điều kiện được dùng trong văn phong trang trọng.Ex: If she appears, please tell her to wait for me. =&gt; Should she appear, please tell her to wait for me.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; If I were in your position, I wouldn’t do that. =&gt; Were I in your position, I wouldn’t do that.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; If he hadn’t missed the train, he would be here now. =&gt; Had he not missed the train, he would…..&nbsp;IV. Các từ khác có thể thay thế cho If:- Unless = If…..not (trừ khi)Ex: If he doesn’t come, I’ll bring this package to him. à Unless he comes, I’ll bring this package to him.- In case (phòng khi)Trong mệnh đề theo sau in case, ta thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì quá khứ đơn, không dùng will hoặc wouldEx: I always take an umbrella in case it rains.- With/Without/But forWith/Without (nếu có/nếu không có”, but for (nếu không có) được dùng như một dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề ifWith/Without/But for + danh từ/cụm danh từ.Ex: If you help me, I can finish this assignment. à With your help, I can……&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; If you hadn’t helped me, I couln’t have finished this assignment.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; à Without your help, I couldn’t………..&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; If it hadn’t rained, we would have had a nice holiday. à But for the rain, we would……Trong trường hợp này, without cũng tương đương với cấu trúc “If it were not for….” Hoặc “If it hadn’t been for….”Ex: Without your help, I couldn’t finish this assignment. à If it were not for your help, I couldn’t ….&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; But for/Without your map, we would have lost our way. à If it had not bên for your map, we would have lost our way.- Providing (that)/provided (that) = miễn là: Được dùng để thay thế cho If khi người nói có ý nhấn mạnh sự hạn chế.Ex: You can borrow my bike provided/providing (that) you bring it back tomorrow morning.- As long as/so long as (miễn là): tương tự Providing (that)/provided (that)Ex: You can stay with us as/so long as you share the expense.- Otherwise (nếu không thì): được dùng để thay thế cho if và liên quan đến một ý tưởng đã nói trong câu trước.Ex: You must read the instructions; otherwise, you don’t know hơ to use it.&nbsp;The subjuntive – Thể cầu khiến/Giải định1. Định nghĩa: Câu giả đinh, hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ 2 làm một việc gì. Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có “to” của các động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến. Thường có ‘that” trong câu giả định trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt.2. Các mẫu câu giả định:Mẫu 1: S1 + V1 (that) S2 + (should) V(inf)Chú ý:- V1 = advise, beg, ask, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest, urge, decree, dictate, intend, order, require, resolve…- Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không “to”. Nếu muốn thành lậ thể phủ định thì đặt “not” sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ “to”.- Nếu bỏ “that” thì chủ ngữ 2 trở về dạng tân ngữ, động từ 2 đưa về dạng nguyên thể có “to”, câu mất đi tính chất giả định, trở thành một dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.Ex:The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking.Donna requested Frank come to the party.I suggested that he study harderDave recommended that you join the committee….Mẫu 2: It + be + adj + that + S + V(inf)Lưu ý:- Adj = advised, necessary, recommended, urgent, important, obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested, best, crucial, desirable, essentian, vitalNgoại lệ: It is a good idea (that)/It is a bad idea (that)Mẫu 3: Noun + that + S + V(inf)N = advice, condition, demand, directive, intention, order, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion, wish ….Ex: My advice is that the company invest in new equipment.She is free to leave, on dondition that she commit no further offence.His deep wish is that his daughter go to university.There is suggestion from the doctor that&nbsp; the patient stop smoking.It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court.Mẫu 4: It + be + time/hightime&nbsp; + S + VqkđEx: It’s time I got to the airport.It’s hightime the city government did something to stop the traffic jam.&nbsp;Câu điều ước với “wish”:&nbsp;Điều ước ở hiện tại : S1 + wish + S2 + Vqkđ/qktd/were &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; I wish I had a car (I don’t have a car now)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; We wish it weren’t raining now (It is raining now)Điều ước ở tương lai:&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; S 1 + wish + S2 + would/could + V &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I wish I could go to the party tomorrow. (But I can’t)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; She wish you would be there with her next week. (but you won’t be there with her next week).Điều ước ở quá khứ:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; S1 + wish + S2 + had P2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; S1 + wish + S2 + could/ would have P2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; I wish I hadn’t gone to that party (but I went there)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; I wish ou would have told me the truth. (but you didn’t)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; They wish he could have joined that trip with them. (but he didn’t)&nbsp;Chú ý:“If only” (giá mà, giá như) được dùng như “wish” nhưng mang sắc thái biểu cảm hơn.“As if/As though” (như thể là)Ex: He is always speaking to me as if he were my father.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He said as if/as though he had been there at that time.2. Luyện tập:Exercise 1: Cho đúng dạng của các động từ trong ngoặc:1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you.2. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me?3. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you4. If he had worked hard, he could (earn) enough money5. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago.6. If I (know) that you were coming I’d have baked a cake.7. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.8. If Liz studies hard, she (pass) her test.9. If I have time tomorrow, I (go) shopping with you.10. If you (turn) off the light, we will be in the dark.&nbsp;Exercise 2: Viết câu đảo ngữ cho các câu sau:<ol>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If you see Duc, give him my messagge, please.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If the drought had not lowered the reservoir, the ancient villaage would not have been discovered.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If Alan had breakfast, he wouldn’t over eat at lunch.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If we had a map, we could find the way.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If I had gone to the post office, I would have bought some stamps.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">A prevention would have been found if money had been spent on research.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If I knew her address, I’d give it to you.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If it were not rainy, we would go fishing.</li>
<li data-xf-list-type="ol">If I lived out of town, I would take up the garden.</li>
</ol>Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ___________ you.A. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C.did&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. am2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known, I _______ to visit you.A. would have gone&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. would go&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. will go&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. went3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If I _____________ a motorbike, I would have gone home immediately.A. had had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. have had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. would have had4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If we hadn’t gone by coach, we wouldn’t __________ carsick.A. have got&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. have get&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. get&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. had got&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me.” means ___________.A. If I had had some money on me, I would have got a taxi.B. If I had&nbsp; some money on me, I would get a taxi.C. If I hadn’t had some money on me, I wouldn’t have got a taxi.D. If I didn’t have&nbsp; some money on me, I wouldn’t get a taxi.6. If you ___________ to the receptionist, she ________ you where I was.A.have spoken …..could have told&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B.had spoken …could have told&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C.spoke …could have told&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D.had spoken …..could tell7. If I __________ a journalist, I ___________ able to travel a lot.A.were …will be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B.had been …would beC.were…would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D.am …would ..be8. If I _________ your keys, I __________ them to you.A.found …will send&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B.will find …send&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C.find …will send&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D.find ...would send9. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.A. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t&nbsp; have gone on holiday&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. We would&nbsp; go on holiday if we&nbsp; had enough money&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. We wouldn’t&nbsp; go on holiday if we&nbsp; didn’t have enough money10.&nbsp; If Peter ___________ he would come.A. is invited&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. was invited&nbsp; &nbsp; C. were invited D. has been invited11. If the police had not saved me, I _________ at that time.A. will die&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. would die&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. will have died&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. would have died12. If I __________breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry during class.A. did not eat&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. don&#039;t eat&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. eat&nbsp; &nbsp; D. ate13.&nbsp; “I didn&#039;t listen to him in the past and I don&#039;t succeed now. ” →_______________A. If I had listened to him in the past, I would have succeeded now.B. If I listened to him in the past, I would succeed now.C. If I had listened to him in the past, I would succeed now.D. Did I listen to him in the past, I will succeed now.14. If my grand father were still alive, he _________ a hundred today.A. would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. will be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. will have been&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. would have been15. If the police ________ him, he would spend at least five years in prison.A. was to catch&nbsp; B. were to catch&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. catch&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. were caught16. If I …….10 years younger, I ……the job.A. am/will take&nbsp; B. was/have taken&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. were/would take&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. had been/will have taken17. ………I had learnt English when I was at high school.A. Unless&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. Even if&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. If&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. If only18. You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities………you are a member.A. unless&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. if&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. provided&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. supposed19. If she ………..the train last night, she………here now.A. took/were&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. were taking/is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. had taken/would be&nbsp; D. had taken/would have been20. …….if a war happened?A. What you would do&nbsp;&nbsp; B. What will you do&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. What you will do&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. What would you do21. ……..I to send her a fax if I knew her number.A. Should&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. If&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. Had&nbsp;&nbsp; D. Were22. …….more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday.A. If Peter driven&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. If had Peter driven&nbsp; C. Had Peter driven&nbsp;&nbsp; D. Unless Peter had driven23.&nbsp; If I……..get a pole, I’ll go fishingA. can&nbsp; &nbsp; B. could&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. may&nbsp; D. might.24. I think that ì you………them that our invitaion still stands, they………it another thought.A. told-will give B. told-would give&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. tell-would give&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. told-would have given25. I would have preapred everything yesterday if I ……..your message on Monday.A. had received&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. have received&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. would have received&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. received26. Yesterday I met a very beautiful girl I reallywant to see her again but I don’t know how to go about it. I wish…..A. I knew her address&nbsp; &nbsp; B. I will meet her tomorrowC. I didn’t meet her yesterday&nbsp;&nbsp; D. I had known her address27. I wish you…………..to me before you went and bought that car.A. spoke&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. have spoken C. had spoken&nbsp;&nbsp; D. would have spoken28. I wish I …………that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.A. had known&nbsp; &nbsp; B. know&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. knew&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. have known29. If only he ………..harder, he wouldn’t have lost his job.A. worked&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. would work&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had worked&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has worked30. He always talk as though he …………a public meeting.A. addressing&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. addressed&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. were addressing&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. is addressing.31. He talks as if he …….all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.A. was doing&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. had done&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. did&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. has done32. If only we………..a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transport.A. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. had&nbsp;&nbsp; C. have D. are33. If only we …….more time, we could have seen more of the country.A. would have had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. have had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. had had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. had34. She treats us as if we………all idiots.A. are&nbsp; &nbsp; B. had been&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. have been&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. were35. The cheese looks as if rats ………it.A. nibbled&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. were being nibbled&nbsp; &nbsp; C. had nibbled&nbsp;&nbsp; D. nibbling36. I wish I ……….so much money when I was in town yesterday.A. wouldn’t spend&nbsp; B. didn’t spend&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. hadn’t spent&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. wouldn’t have spent37. You talk as though it ……..a small thing to leave your country forever.A. is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. will be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. would be38. Everybody feels sorry for him and says that “If only he …………more time revising”.A. had spent&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. spent&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. should have spent&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. would have spent39. He looks as though he …………….a square meal in his life, but in fact his wife feeds him very well.A. has never got&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. never gets&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. never got&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. had never got40. If only he ……..accept some help with the work instead of trying research.A. can&nbsp; &nbsp; B. may&nbsp; C. would&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. were41. If only he………told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.A. had&nbsp;&nbsp; B. has&nbsp; &nbsp; C. would have&nbsp;&nbsp; D. should have42. I wish I ………..to rewrite my essay. I only made it worse.A. hadn’t tried&nbsp;&nbsp; B. wouldn’t try&nbsp; C. didn’t try&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. wouldn’t have tried.43. I wish I ……….you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.A. can lend&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. would lend&nbsp; &nbsp; C. could lend&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. will lend44. Last year the potato harvest was very disappointing but this year it looks………..we shall have a better crop.A. as though&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. like that&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. like&nbsp; &nbsp; D. to be that.45. That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I ………….eyes in himA. had never set&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. would have set&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. would never have set&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. would have never set46. When he is asked to say about it, it is clear that he knows nothing about their secret but they treat him as if he………all about it.A. knew&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. had known&nbsp; &nbsp; C. would know&nbsp; D. must know47. I feel terrible. The heavy truck raced by me at full speed. I feel as if I ……….over.A. was run&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. have been run&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. had been run&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. was being run48. She speaks English as though it …………her native language.A. is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. being&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. be49. My sister says she can’t come to the party with us. We wish she ………her mind and ……to come with us.A. changed-decided&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. will change-decide C. had changed-decided&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. would change – decide50. The cat turned her head toward John and looked at him quizzically, alomost as if she ………what he said.A. understands B. understood&nbsp;&nbsp; C. had understood&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. would have understood51. This evening the surface of the lake is completely still. It looks as if it…….of glass.A. is made&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. was made&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. were made&nbsp; &nbsp; D. has been made52. Why didn’t you tell me about this before? I certainly wish I ……….earlier.A. were informed&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. was informed&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. would be informed&nbsp; &nbsp; D. had been informed53. I know a farmer who talks to his animals as if they…….people.A. are&nbsp; &nbsp; B. would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. had been54. Ann is grown up now. You shouldn’t speak to her as if she……….a child.A. is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. had been&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. would be55. We became good friends almost immediately. After talking to each other for only a short time, we felt as if we………each other all of our lives.A. knew&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. had known&nbsp; &nbsp; C. know&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. have known56. It is important that he ………well in his exam.A. does&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. did&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. do&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. will do57. I requested that he……..because he was making so much noise.A. should leave B. must have left&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. would leave&nbsp; D. should have left.58. The local council recommended that John………..to the head of the department.A. is appointed&nbsp; B. was appointed&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. be appointed&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. could be appointed59. It’s necessary that the train……….on time.A. is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. will be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. be60. Rose suggested…………a suit and tie when he went for the interview.A. him to wear&nbsp; B. he wear&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. he must wear&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. that he wears61. She urged that her husband…….the letter.A. write&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. wrote&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. had written&nbsp;&nbsp; D. has written62. The doctor recommended that John………for a couple of days.A. could rest&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. might rest&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. must rest&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. rest63. The officer demanded that the soldiers………the hill.A. captured&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. would capture&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. had captured&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. capture64. We suggested that she…………the 10.30 train immediatelyA. take&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. may take&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. might take&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. has to take65. Our teacher insists that we………more careful in our writings.A. are&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. were&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. be66. The movie director insisted that everything about his productions………authentic.A. would be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. can be&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. be67. It is essential that pollution…….and eventually.A. must be controlled – must be eliminated&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. be controlled – be eliminatedC. is controlled – is eliminated&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. Both B and&nbsp; C are correct68. The students requested that the test……., but the professor decided against a postponement.A. be postponed&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. postponed&nbsp; C. could be postponed&nbsp; &nbsp; D. must be postponed69. the director recommended that all the staff……anyone outside the company during the training session.A. do not contact&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. not contact&nbsp; &nbsp; C. cannot contact&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. must not contact70. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm…….immediately was approved.A. must be evacuated&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. be evacuatedC. ought to be evacuated&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. had to be evacuated71. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby……………after her husband’s father.A. could be named&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. be named&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. must be named&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. ought to be named72. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we …….the meeting outside.A. could have&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. might have&nbsp; &nbsp; D. have73. I requested that first-year students…..to change their courses in the first two weeks.A. are permitted&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. be permitted&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. were permitted D. would be permitted74. His advisor recommended that he …….at least three courses each semester.A. takes&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. can take&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. should take&nbsp;&nbsp; D. would take75. It is important that he ………to the director of the programme.A. must speak&nbsp;&nbsp; B. speak&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. would speak D. speaks76. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!”A. He said, “Hurrah” that they had won the matchB. He said with joy that they have won the match.C. He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.D. He said that they have won the match.77. My father said to me, “Why are you late? Did you missed the train?”A. My father told me why was I late and did I miss the train.B. My father asked me why was I late and did I miss the train.C. My father asked me why you were late and if you missed the train.D. My father asked me why I was late and whether I had missed the train.78. I said to him, “I’m very angry with you. Go away”A. I said that I am very angry with you and go away.B. I said that I was very angry with you and went away.C. I said that I was very angry with him and told him to go away.D. I said that he was very angry with me and told me to go away.79. “What do you want?” he asked me.A. He asked me what I want&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. He asked me what I wantedC. He asked me what do I want D. He asked me what did I want80. She said, “Don’t smile, John. Be serious”A. She said not to smile and be serious B. She said John not to smile and be serious.C. She told John do not smile and be serious.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. She told John not to smile and asked him to be serious.81. Tom said, “I must leave at eight”&nbsp; =&gt; Tom said that he…………leave at eight.A. must&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. had&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. had to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. have to82. Mary said, “I should go to the library” =&gt; Mary said that she………..to the library.A. should go&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. should have gone&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. ought to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. better go83. She said, “I ought to help him” =&gt; She said that she……help him.A. should to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. ought to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. had to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. better.84. They said, “We might come early” =&gt; They said that they………come earlyA. might&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. may&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C. must&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. had to85. They said, “We may come early.” =&gt; They said that they………come early.A. might&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. probably&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. must&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. may86. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” =&gt; He asked why…..the final examA. she took&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; B. did she take&nbsp; C. she had taken&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D. she hadn’t taken87. I asked my sister to tell me what she………at the museum.A. had seen&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B. has seen&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; C. was seeing&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; D. had been seeingTẢI BẢN WORD <a href="https://www.mediafire.com/view/np1rtmuxnm3m4iw/CONDITIONAL_SENTENCES.doc" target="_blank">TẠI ĐÂY</a></blockquote>

[QUOTE="conan_sea, post: 163005, member: 93121"] [b]Câu điều kiện - thể giả định[/b] [CENTER][COLOR=#0000cd][SIZE=5][B]CONDITIONAL SENTENCES[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR][/CENTER] [B]A. Lý thuyết:[/B] [B]I. Câu điều kiện:[/B] Nhắc lại các sử dụng, cấu trúc của 3 loại câu điều kiện cơ bản: If - clause Main clause - Type 1: S + V (htđ), S + V ( will do ) - Type 2: S + V (qkđ), S + would (could, should, might) + V - Type 3: S + had + P2, S + V would have P2 Ex : I’ll pick you up at the part if you phone me. * Note : Unless = If … not Ex: If I[U] were you[/U], I wouldn't do such a thing. Ex : If he had taken his father’s advice yesterday, he would not have got wet. [B]II. Mix conditionals:[/B] Cách dùng: Câu điều kiện này diễn tả điều kiện giả định ở quá khứ và kết quả khộng được thực hiện ở hiện tại Cấu trúc: [B][I]If [/I][/B]S + had + P2, S + would (could, should, might) + V [B]III. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Đã học ở bài Inversion)[/B] Đảo ngữ trong cầu điều kiện được dùng trong văn phong trang trọng. Ex: If she appears, please tell her to wait for me. => Should she appear, please tell her to wait for me. If I were in your position, I wouldn’t do that. => Were I in your position, I wouldn’t do that. If he hadn’t missed the train, he would be here now. => Had he not missed the train, he would….. [B]IV. Các từ khác có thể thay thế cho If:[/B] [B][I]- Unless = If…..not (trừ khi)[/I][/B] Ex: If he doesn’t come, I’ll bring this package to him. à Unless he comes, I’ll bring this package to him. [B][I] - In case (phòng khi)[/I][/B] Trong mệnh đề theo sau in case, ta thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì quá khứ đơn, không dùng will hoặc would Ex: I always take an umbrella in case it rains. [B][I] - With/Without/But for[/I][/B] With/Without (nếu có/nếu không có”, but for (nếu không có) được dùng như một dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề if With/Without/But for + danh từ/cụm danh từ. Ex: If you help me, I can finish this assignment. à With your help, I can…… If you hadn’t helped me, I couln’t have finished this assignment. à Without your help, I couldn’t……….. If it hadn’t rained, we would have had a nice holiday. à But for the rain, we would…… Trong trường hợp này, without cũng tương đương với cấu trúc “If it were not for….” Hoặc “If it hadn’t been for….” Ex: Without your help, I couldn’t finish this assignment. à If it were not for your help, I couldn’t …. But for/Without your map, we would have lost our way. à If it had not bên for your map, we would have lost our way. - Providing (that)/provided (that) = miễn là: Được dùng để thay thế cho If khi người nói có ý nhấn mạnh sự hạn chế. Ex: You can borrow my bike provided/providing (that) you bring it back tomorrow morning. [B][I] - As long as/so long as (miễn là):[/I][/B] tương tự Providing (that)/provided (that) Ex: You can stay with us as/so long as you share the expense. [B][I] - Otherwise (nếu không thì): [/I][/B]được dùng để thay thế cho if và liên quan đến một ý tưởng đã nói trong câu trước. Ex: You must read the instructions; otherwise, you don’t know hơ to use it. [CENTER][SIZE=5][COLOR=#0000cd][B]The subjuntive – Thể cầu khiến/Giải định[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE][/CENTER] [B]1. Định nghĩa[/B]: Câu giả đinh, hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ 2 làm một việc gì. Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có “to” của các động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến. Thường có ‘that” trong câu giả định trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt. [B]2. Các mẫu câu giả định:[/B] [B][U]Mẫu 1: [/U][/B] [B]S1 + V1 (that) S2 + (should) V(inf)[/B] Chú ý: - V1 = advise, beg, ask, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest, urge, decree, dictate, intend, order, require, resolve… - Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không “to”. Nếu muốn thành lậ thể phủ định thì đặt “not” sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ “to”. - Nếu bỏ “that” thì chủ ngữ 2 trở về dạng tân ngữ, động từ 2 đưa về dạng nguyên thể có “to”, câu mất đi tính chất giả định, trở thành một dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp. Ex: The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking. Donna requested Frank come to the party. I suggested that he study harder Dave recommended that you join the committee…. [B][U] Mẫu 2: [/U][/B] [B] It + be + adj + that + S + V(inf)[/B] Lưu ý: - Adj = advised, necessary, recommended, urgent, important, obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested, best, crucial, desirable, essentian, vital Ngoại lệ: It is a good idea (that)/It is a bad idea (that) [B][U] Mẫu 3: [/U][/B] [B] Noun + that + S + V(inf)[/B] N = advice, condition, demand, directive, intention, order, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion, wish …. Ex: My advice is that the company invest in new equipment. She is free to leave, on dondition that she commit no further offence. His deep wish is that his daughter go to university. There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking. It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court. [B][U] Mẫu 4: [/U][/B] [B] It + be + time/hightime + S + Vqkđ[/B] Ex: It’s time I got to the airport. It’s hightime the city government did something to stop the traffic jam. [B][I]Câu điều ước với “wish”:[/I][/B] [B][I]Điều ước ở hiện tại : [/I][/B] [SIZE=4][I]S1 + wish + S2 + Vqkđ/qktd/were I wish I had a car (I don’t have a car now)[/I] [I] We wish it weren’t raining now (It is raining now)[/I][/SIZE] [B][I] Điều ước ở tương lai: [/I][/B][I] [SIZE=4]S[/SIZE][/I][B][/B] [SIZE=4][I]1 + wish + S2 + would/could + V I wish I could go to the party tomorrow. (But I can’t)[/I] [I] She wish you would be there with her next week. (but you won’t be there with her next week).[/I] [/SIZE][B][I] Điều ước ở quá khứ: [/I][/B] [SIZE=4][I]S1 + wish + S2 + had P2[/I] [I] S1 + wish + S2 + could/ would have P2 I wish I hadn’t gone to that party (but I went there)[/I] [I] I wish ou would have told me the truth. (but you didn’t)[/I] [I] They wish he could have joined that trip with them. (but he didn’t)[/I][/SIZE] [B]Chú ý:[/B] “If only” (giá mà, giá như) được dùng như “wish” nhưng mang sắc thái biểu cảm hơn. “As if/As though” (như thể là) Ex: He is always speaking to me as if he were my father. He said as if/as though he had been there at that time. [B] 2. Luyện tập:[/B] [B]Exercise 1: [I]Cho đúng dạng của các động từ trong ngoặc:[/I][/B] 1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you. 2. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me? 3. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you 4. If he had worked hard, he could (earn) enough money 5. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago. 6. If I (know) that you were coming I’d have baked a cake. 7. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. 8. If Liz studies hard, she (pass) her test. 9. If I have time tomorrow, I (go) shopping with you. 10. If you (turn) off the light, we will be in the dark. [B]Exercise 2[/B]: [B][I]Viết câu đảo ngữ cho các câu sau:[/I][/B] [LIST=1] [*]If you see Duc, give him my messagge, please. [*]If the drought had not lowered the reservoir, the ancient villaage would not have been discovered. [*]If Alan had breakfast, he wouldn’t over eat at lunch. [*]If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded. [*]If we had a map, we could find the way. [*]If I had gone to the post office, I would have bought some stamps. [*]A prevention would have been found if money had been spent on research. [*]If I knew her address, I’d give it to you. [*]If it were not rainy, we would go fishing. [*]If I lived out of town, I would take up the garden. [/LIST] [B]Exercise 3:[/B] [B][I]Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:[/I][/B] 1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ___________ you. A. were B. would be C.did D. am 2. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known, I _______ to visit you. A. would have gone B. would go C. will go D. went 3. If I _____________ a motorbike, I would have gone home immediately. A. had had B. had C. have had D. would have had 4. If we hadn’t gone by coach, we wouldn’t __________ carsick. A. have got B. have get C. get D. had got 5. “I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me.” means ___________. A. If I had had some money on me, I would have got a taxi. B. If I had some money on me, I would get a taxi. C. If I hadn’t had some money on me, I wouldn’t have got a taxi. D. If I didn’t have some money on me, I wouldn’t get a taxi. 6. If you ___________ to the receptionist, she ________ you where I was. A.have spoken …..could have told B.had spoken …could have told C.spoke …could have told D.had spoken …..could tell 7. If I __________ a journalist, I ___________ able to travel a lot. A.were …will be B.had been …would be C.were…would be D.am …would ..be 8. If I _________ your keys, I __________ them to you. A.found …will send B.will find …send C.find …will send D.find ...would send 9. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money. A. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday B. If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t have gone on holiday C. We would go on holiday if we had enough money D. We wouldn’t go on holiday if we didn’t have enough money 10. If Peter ___________ he would come. A. is invited B. was invited C. were invited D. has been invited 11. If the police had not saved me, I _________ at that time. A. will die B. would die C. will have died D. would have died 12. If I __________breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry during class. A. did not eat B. don't eat C. eat D. ate 13. “I didn't listen to him in the past and I don't succeed now. ” →_______________ A. If I had listened to him in the past, I would have succeeded now. B. If I listened to him in the past, I would succeed now. C. If I had listened to him in the past, I would succeed now. D. Did I listen to him in the past, I will succeed now. 14. If my grand father were still alive, he _________ a hundred today. A. would be B. will be C. will have been D. would have been 15. If the police ________ him, he would spend at least five years in prison. A. was to catch B. were to catch C. catch D. were caught 16. If I …….10 years younger, I ……the job. A. am/will take B. was/have taken C. were/would take D. had been/will have taken 17. ………I had learnt English when I was at high school. A. Unless B. Even if C. If D. If only 18. You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities………you are a member. A. unless B. if C. provided D. supposed 19. If she ………..the train last night, she………here now. A. took/were B. were taking/is C. had taken/would be D. had taken/would have been 20. …….if a war happened? A. What you would do B. What will you do C. What you will do D. What would you do 21. ……..I to send her a fax if I knew her number. A. Should B. If C. Had D. Were 22. …….more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday. A. If Peter driven B. If had Peter driven C. Had Peter driven D. Unless Peter had driven 23. If I……..get a pole, I’ll go fishing A. can B. could C. may D. might. 24. I think that ì you………them that our invitaion still stands, they………it another thought. A. told-will give B. told-would give C. tell-would give D. told-would have given 25. I would have preapred everything yesterday if I ……..your message on Monday. A. had received B. have received C. would have received D. received 26. Yesterday I met a very beautiful girl I reallywant to see her again but I don’t know how to go about it. I wish….. A. I knew her address B. I will meet her tomorrow C. I didn’t meet her yesterday D. I had known her address 27. I wish you…………..to me before you went and bought that car. A. spoke B. have spoken C. had spoken D. would have spoken 28. I wish I …………that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. A. had known B. know C. knew D. have known 29. If only he ………..harder, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. worked B. would work C. had worked D. has worked 30. He always talk as though he …………a public meeting. A. addressing B. addressed C. were addressing D. is addressing. 31. He talks as if he …….all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it. A. was doing B. had done C. did D. has done 32. If only we………..a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transport. A. were B. had C. have D. are 33. If only we …….more time, we could have seen more of the country. A. would have had B. have had C. had had D. had 34. She treats us as if we………all idiots. A. are B. had been C. have been D. were 35. The cheese looks as if rats ………it. A. nibbled B. were being nibbled C. had nibbled D. nibbling 36. I wish I ……….so much money when I was in town yesterday. A. wouldn’t spend B. didn’t spend C. hadn’t spent D. wouldn’t have spent 37. You talk as though it ……..a small thing to leave your country forever. A. is B. were C. will be D. would be 38. Everybody feels sorry for him and says that “If only he …………more time revising”. A. had spent B. spent C. should have spent D. would have spent 39. He looks as though he …………….a square meal in his life, but in fact his wife feeds him very well. A. has never got B. never gets C. never got D. had never got 40. If only he ……..accept some help with the work instead of trying research. A. can B. may C. would D. were 41. If only he………told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong. A. had B. has C. would have D. should have 42. I wish I ………..to rewrite my essay. I only made it worse. A. hadn’t tried B. wouldn’t try C. didn’t try D. wouldn’t have tried. 43. I wish I ……….you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself. A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. will lend 44. Last year the potato harvest was very disappointing but this year it looks………..we shall have a better crop. A. as though B. like that C. like D. to be that. 45. That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I ………….eyes in him A. had never set B. would have set C. would never have set D. would have never set 46. When he is asked to say about it, it is clear that he knows nothing about their secret but they treat him as if he………all about it. A. knew B. had known C. would know D. must know 47. I feel terrible. The heavy truck raced by me at full speed. I feel as if I ……….over. A. was run B. have been run C. had been run D. was being run 48. She speaks English as though it …………her native language. A. is B. being C. were D. be 49. My sister says she can’t come to the party with us. We wish she ………her mind and ……to come with us. A. changed-decided B. will change-decide C. had changed-decided D. would change – decide 50. The cat turned her head toward John and looked at him quizzically, alomost as if she ………what he said. A. understands B. understood C. had understood D. would have understood 51. This evening the surface of the lake is completely still. It looks as if it…….of glass. A. is made B. was made C. were made D. has been made 52. Why didn’t you tell me about this before? I certainly wish I ……….earlier. A. were informed B. was informed C. would be informed D. had been informed 53. I know a farmer who talks to his animals as if they…….people. A. are B. would be C. were D. had been 54. Ann is grown up now. You shouldn’t speak to her as if she……….a child. A. is B. were C. had been D. would be 55. We became good friends almost immediately. After talking to each other for only a short time, we felt as if we………each other all of our lives. A. knew B. had known C. know D. have known 56. It is important that he ………well in his exam. A. does B. did C. do D. will do 57. I requested that he……..because he was making so much noise. A. should leave B. must have left C. would leave D. should have left. 58. The local council recommended that John………..to the head of the department. A. is appointed B. was appointed C. be appointed D. could be appointed 59. It’s necessary that the train……….on time. A. is B. will be C. would be D. be 60. Rose suggested…………a suit and tie when he went for the interview. A. him to wear B. he wear C. he must wear D. that he wears 61. She urged that her husband…….the letter. A. write B. wrote C. had written D. has written 62. The doctor recommended that John………for a couple of days. A. could rest B. might rest C. must rest D. rest 63. The officer demanded that the soldiers………the hill. A. captured B. would capture C. had captured D. capture 64. We suggested that she…………the 10.30 train immediately A. take B. may take C. might take D. has to take 65. Our teacher insists that we………more careful in our writings. A. are B. were C. would be D. be 66. The movie director insisted that everything about his productions………authentic. A. would be B. is C. can be D. be 67. It is essential that pollution…….and eventually. A. must be controlled – must be eliminated B. be controlled – be eliminated C. is controlled – is eliminated D. Both B and C are correct 68. The students requested that the test……., but the professor decided against a postponement. A. be postponed B. postponed C. could be postponed D. must be postponed 69. the director recommended that all the staff……anyone outside the company during the training session. A. do not contact B. not contact C. cannot contact D. must not contact 70. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm…….immediately was approved. A. must be evacuated B. be evacuated C. ought to be evacuated D. had to be evacuated 71. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby……………after her husband’s father. A. could be named B. be named C. must be named D. ought to be named 72. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we …….the meeting outside. A. could have B. had C. might have D. have 73. I requested that first-year students…..to change their courses in the first two weeks. A. are permitted B. be permitted C. were permitted D. would be permitted 74. His advisor recommended that he …….at least three courses each semester. A. takes B. can take C. should take D. would take 75. It is important that he ………to the director of the programme. A. must speak B. speak C. would speak D. speaks 76. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!” A. He said, “Hurrah” that they had won the match B. He said with joy that they have won the match. C. He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. D. He said that they have won the match. 77. My father said to me, “Why are you late? Did you missed the train?” A. My father told me why was I late and did I miss the train. B. My father asked me why was I late and did I miss the train. C. My father asked me why you were late and if you missed the train. D. My father asked me why I was late and whether I had missed the train. 78. I said to him, “I’m very angry with you. Go away” A. I said that I am very angry with you and go away. B. I said that I was very angry with you and went away. C. I said that I was very angry with him and told him to go away. D. I said that he was very angry with me and told me to go away. 79. “What do you want?” he asked me. A. He asked me what I want B. He asked me what I wanted C. He asked me what do I want D. He asked me what did I want 80. She said, “Don’t smile, John. Be serious” A. She said not to smile and be serious B. She said John not to smile and be serious. C. She told John do not smile and be serious. D. She told John not to smile and asked him to be serious. 81. Tom said, “I must leave at eight” => Tom said that he…………leave at eight. A. must B. had C. had to D. have to 82. Mary said, “I should go to the library” => Mary said that she………..to the library. A. should go B. should have gone C. ought to D. better go 83. She said, “I ought to help him” => She said that she……help him. A. should to B. ought to C. had to D. better. 84. They said, “We might come early” => They said that they………come early A. might B. may C. must D. had to 85. They said, “We may come early.” => They said that they………come early. A. might B. probably C. must D. may 86. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” => He asked why…..the final exam A. she took B. did she take C. she had taken D. she hadn’t taken 87. I asked my sister to tell me what she………at the museum. A. had seen B. has seen C. was seeing D. had been seeing [CENTER][B][SIZE=5][COLOR=#0000cd]TẢI BẢN WORD [URL="https://www.mediafire.com/view/np1rtmuxnm3m4iw/CONDITIONAL_SENTENCES.doc"]TẠI ĐÂY[/URL][/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/CENTER] [/QUOTE]

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