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Nội dung: <blockquote data-quote="Butchi" data-source="post: 76272" data-attributes="member: 7">Bàn thêm về cách thêm -ing sau động từa. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a verb ends in a silent e, the silent e is dropped before the ending ing is added. For example:(Nếu một động từ kết thúc bằng e câm thì bỏ e trước khi thêm -ing)Infinitive.....................................Present Participleto close............................................ closingto dine............................................. diningto leave.............................................leavingto move..............................................movingHowever, when a verb ends in an e which is not silent, the final e is not dropped before the ending ing is added. For example:Infinitive......................................Present Participleto be....................................................beingto see..................................................seeingb. Verbs ending in ieWhen a verb ends in ie, the ie is changed to y before the ending ing is added. For example:Infinitive......................................Present Participleto die....................................................dyingto lie.....................................................lyingWhen a verb ends in y, no change is made before the ending is added. For example:Infinitive......................................Present Participleto fly..................................................... flyingto play....................................................playingc. One-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowelExcept in the case of the final consonants w, x and y, when a one-syllable verb ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant must be doubled before the ending ing is added. The reason for this is to reflect the fact that the pronunciation of the single vowel does not change when the ending ing is added.English vowels have a variety of pronunciations. For instance, each English vowel has two contrasting pronunciations, which are sometimes referred to as short and long. Vowels which are followed by two consonants, and vowels which are followed by a single consonant at the end of a word, are generally pronounced short. In contrast, vowels which are followed by a single consonant followed by another vowel are generally pronounced long.In the table below, the underlined vowels in the left-hand column are pronounced short; whereas the underlined vowels in the right-hand column are pronounced long. For example:Short Vowels...................................Long Vowelsfat.......................................................fatetapping.................................................tapinglet........................................................deletewin.......................................................winefilling.....................................................filingnot........................................................notehopping...................................................hopingflutter.....................................................fluteThus, in the case of most one-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, the vowel is pronounced short. In order to reflect the fact that the vowel is also pronounced short in the corresponding present participle, except in the case of w, x and y, the final consonant must be doubled before the ending ing is added.In the following examples, the consonants which have been doubled areunderlined. For example:Infinitive............................................Present Participleto nod.........................................................noddingto dig.......................................................... diggingto run...........................................................runningto clap..........................................................clappingto set...........................................................settingWhen a verb ends in w, x or y preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant is not doubled before the ending is added. For example:Infinitive.......................................................Present Participleto draw..............................................................drawingto fix..................................................................fixingto say.................................................................sayingIt should also be noted that when a verb ends in a single consonant preceded by two vowels, the final consonant is not doubled before the ending is added. The reason for this is that two vowels together are generally pronounced long. For example:Infinitive.............................................................Present Participleto rain.....................................................................rainingto read....................................................................readingto meet....................................................................meetingto soak....................................................................soakingd. Verbs of more than one syllable which end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowelWhen a verb of more than one syllable ends in a single consonant other than w, x or y preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant is doubled to form the present participle only when the last syllable of the verb is pronounced with the heaviest stress.For instance, in the following examples, the last syllables of the verbs have the heaviest stress, and the final consonants are doubled to form the present participles. In these examples, the syllables pronounced with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:Infinitive.............................................................Present Participleto expel.....................................................................expellingto begin.....................................................................beginningto occur.....................................................................occurringto omit.......................................................................omittingWhen a verb of more than one syllable ends in w, x or y, the final consonant is not doubled before the ending ing is added. In the following examples, the syllables pronounced with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:Infinitive............................................................Present Participleto allow .....................................................................allowingto affix.......................................................................affixingto convey....................................................................conveyingWhen the last syllable of a verb is not pronounced with the heaviest stress, the final consonant is usually not doubled to form the present participle. For instance, in the following examples, the last syllables of the verbs do not have the heaviest stress, and the final consonants are not doubled to form the present participles. In these examples, the syllables pronounced with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:Infinitive............................................................Present Participleto listen.....................................................................listeningto order.....................................................................orderingto focus.....................................................................focusingto limit.......................................................................limitingIf necessary, a dictionary can be consulted to determine which syllable of a verb has the heaviest stress. Many dictionaries use symbols such as apostrophes to indicate which syllables are pronounced with the heaviest stress.It should be noted that British and American spelling rules differ for verbs which end in a single l preceded by a single vowel. In British spelling, the l is always doubled before the endings ing and edare added. However, in American spelling, verbs ending with a single l follow the same rule as other verbs; the l is doubled only when the last syllable has the heaviest stress. In the following examples, the syllables with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:Infinitive......................Present Participle...................................American Spelling............................British Spellingto signal...........................signaling.......................................... signallingto travel...........................traveling...........................................travellingto compel.........................compelling.........................................compellingto propel..........................propelling...........................................propellingFrom these examples it can be seen that the American and British spellings for verbs ending in a single l differ only when the last syllable does not have the heaviest stress.</blockquote>

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