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Nội dung: <blockquote data-quote="tuan1990" data-source="post: 92254" data-attributes="member: 77737">Sharks: A Bad Image, but Oceans Value ThemHướng dẫn: Nhấn nút play, nghe và đoán từ điền vào chỗ trống, bôi đen chỗ trống để xem đáp án.[MP3]https://server1.vnkienthuc.com/files/3/Media/se-sn--sharks-16jun09_0.mp3[/MP3]This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Bob Doughty. And I'm Faith Lapidus.This week, we will tell about sharks -- a fish with a public relations problem.A  picture in the newspaper shows a person standing next to a [A]huge shark[/A].  The body of the shark is hanging with its head down. A scale is  measuring its weight.The lines below the [A]picture[/A] say the shark  was a very big one. Or perhaps it was one of the biggest ever caught in  the area. The person who brought in the fish looks extremely pleased.  That person won a battle with what has been called one of nature's[A]  fiercest creatures[/A].Some people, however, do not approve of [A]catching[/A] sharks. They do not think all sharks are terrifying enemies.  They know that studies show lightning and snakebites threaten people  more than shark attacks.Activists for sharks note that the fish  are valuable in [A]the ocean[/A]. Sharks eat injured and diseased fish. Their  hunting means that other fish do not become too great in number. This  protects other creatures and plants in the ocean.[A]Environmental  activists[/A] worry that some kinds of fish are in danger of dying out. The  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated that fishing  operations kill more than[A] one hundred million [/A]sharks every year. Sharks  are harvested for meat and cartilage, liver oil and, especially, for  their fins. Many of the animals die when people harvesting other kinds  of fish pull in sharks by accident.George Burgess leads the  International Shark Attack File at the Florida Museum of Natural History  of the University of Florida. He says shark attacks increased during  the past century for [A]a good reason[/A]. Hundreds of millions of people now  use the world's oceans, more than in the past.Professor Burgess  says the first ten years of the twenty-first century are [A]expected[/A] to  register the most attacks of any ten-year period.Yet the  International Shark Attack File reports that the number of shark attacks  has, in fact, decreased in recent years. During this period, there was  an average of sixty-three attacks[A] worldwide[/A] each year. That compares  with a high of seventy-nine in two thousand.The file gives some  likely reasons for the decrease. One reason is that overfishing of  sharks and related fish has reduced the size of some [A]shark populations[/A].Another  is that more people are careful to stay away from waters where sharks  swim. And the file says workers responsible for boating and beach safety  may be doing a better job of[A] warning people[/A] when sharks are seen.The  International Shark Attack File describes shark attacks as either  provoked or unprovoked. An [A]unprovoked attack[/A] means the person is alive  when bitten. It also means the person must not have interfered with the  shark.Some divers interfere with sharks on purpose. They want to  get the attention of sharks, perhaps to take pictures of them. The diver  may put food in the water to get the animal to come close. Sharks do  not normally want to be with people. But their excellent sense of smell  leads them to food. Some experienced divers say they may not face  danger when near a shark. But they say the next person who comes near  the shark may be in trouble. The animal's experience with being fed may  make it [A]connect[/A] food with people.(MUSIC)Some divers,[A]  filmmakers[/A] and nature photographers enter a shark's territory while  inside containers made of steel. Others wear heavy metal equipment for  protection. And others get near sharks wearing only normal diving  equipment.Close contact with sharks has its critics. Some people  say it represents invasion of the animals' territory for no good reason.  But exciting films may[A] increase[/A] public interest and sympathy for the  animals.Many people wanting to save sharks have formed activist  groups. For example, a group called Shark Safe helped prevent the  killing of sharks at a fishing competition in Florida earlier this  month. Event organizers had said the goal would be to catch and release  sharks.But the Shark Safe Project said the stated goal of  "bringing in the big one" would lead to killing of the biggest sharks.  The big ones are the most likely to reproduce.The Shark Safe  Project planned a demonstration against the competition. The  demonstration never took place, however. Instead, the event organizers  changed their plans. Participants were to catch the sharks as expected.  But all sharks were to be released.The Shark-Free Marinas  Initiative is a [A]campaign[/A] aimed at helping sharks worldwide. Under the  Initiative, people could not bring a killed shark to a participating  marina. People transporting captured sharks to the boat landing for  weighing and killing would also be rejected.The initiative  cooperates with several other programs, including the Cape Eleuthera  Institute in the Bahamas islands. The Institute is an [A]educational center[/A]  that also operates a shark research program.(MUSIC)In  late two thousand seven, a United Nations conference reported that one  kind of shark, the basking shark, is in danger of dying out. The numbers  of basking sharks have been decreasing for the past half-century. The  animals are the second largest shark, after [A]whale sharks[/A]. They swim with  their mouths open, cleaning the water as they move. They take up and  eat objects like fish eggs and tiny sea organisms. Scientists want to know how and where basking sharks travel.Recently,  experts on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean were interested in a huge  basking shark discovered in eastern Canada. The remains of the  eight-meter long animal were found on a rocky beach in Saint John, New  Brunswick. Experts said the cause of death is [A]unknown[/A].Donald  McAlpine heads the zoology collection at the New Brunswick Museum in  Saint John. He said scientists removed the head and some backbones from  the shark for [A]examination[/A]. Mr. McAlpine said pictures of the animal were  sent to scientists in Britain. The British scientists had requested the  pictures to learn if the shark was the same fish they had observed on  their side of the Atlantic.Sharks can be identified by their individual markings and sometimes by healed wounds.For  years, the travels of basking sharks have been a mystery to[A] scientists[/A].  Basking sharks from the northeastern United States are not seen in the  winter. They seem to disappear from cool waters of the Atlantic and  Pacific Oceans. Yet studies published in the journal Current Biology are  providing clues about the mystery.The studies found that the  sharks went to [A]warmer waters[/A] of the Atlantic during the winter. The  animals did a good job of staying hidden from sight. They swam in waters  from two hundred to one thousand meters[A] deep[/A].Like Americans  living in cold climates, some of the sharks traveled to Florida for the  winter. Others went even further south. One spent a month in waters near  Brazil.One of the[A] investigators[/A] was Gregory Skomal of the  Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. He says the fish probably  get to eat more plankton in the warmer waters.(MUSIC)Today,  a major threat to sharks comes from shark fin soup. The popularity of  the soup has increased greatly over the years. Fisheries can earn a lot  of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.Finning, as it is  called, is [A]big business[/A]. It means cutting the fins off a live shark.  Fishermen cut off the shark's fins and throw the animal back into the  water. The shark then bleeds to death on the bottom of the ocean.Many  animal-protection groups and people worldwide have denounced finning as  cruel. Some areas have banned this activity. But it is hard to enforce  the ban in many places.Ann Luskey is an activist for the world's [A]sea environment[/A]. She lives on a boat and often dives to watch underwater  life. Her three children took part in an unusual recording project. The  family hopes the music will attract attention to the need for taking  good care of the earth and its seas.One of the recordings is a  hip-hop song called "Shark Fin Soup." It urges people not to eat the  soup because it threatens sharks.(MUSIC)This SCIENCE IN  THE NEWS was written by Jerilyn Watson. Brianna Blake was our producer.  I'm Faith Lapidus. And I'm Bob Doughty. Listen again next week for more  news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.</blockquote>

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