Đỗ Thị Lan Hương
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Như chúng ta đã biết, động từ khuyết thiếu là một trong những phần quan trọng thường xuyên suất hiện trong đề kiểm tra tiếng Anh. Để củng cố lại kiến thức mời các bạn cùng tham khảo lý thuyết và một số bài tập động từ khuyết thiếu nhé!
Động từ khuyết thiếu
I. Fill in the gaps with should/shouldn’t
1. If it´s rainy you take an umbrella.
2. Tom eat so many lollipops. It´s bad for his teeth.
3. a) I drink hot tea if I have a sore throat?
b) Yes, you .
4. They have a test tomorrow. They go to the cinema . They stay at home and study!
5. Children eat lots of vegetables but they eat lots of sweets.
6. I have a party tonight. What I wear? A dress or a pair of trousers?
7. The doctor said: "_ You eat healthy food. You eat fast food. You watch so much TV. You walk 1 hour a day. You drink fruit juice and water. You drink wine or beer”.
8. Top of FormYou be so selfish.
9. I don't think you smoke so much.
10. You exercise more.
11. I think you try to speak to her.
12. You are overweight. You go on a diet.
13. Where we park our car?
14. You never speak to your mother like this.
15. The kids spend so much time in front of the TV.
16. I tell her the truth or should I say nothing?
17. I think we reserve our holiday in advance.
18. Listen to that music! Our neighbors play music that loud at this hour.
19. If your tooth is still hurting you tomorrow, you go to the dentist's.
20. Cathy keep ringing her ex-boyfriend. I think he is with another girl now.
21. Before going to Madrid for your holidays, you try and learn something of the language. You will enjoy things a lot more.
22. You always knock on the door before entering. This is a private office.
23. We bring something to Kate's party. I'll feel really embarrassed otherwise.
24. That model on the TV is too skinny. She eat more, I think!
25. Lizzie ask Bryan to help her with her studies. He did the same course last year.
26. Pregnant women smoke as it can damage the baby.
27. We leave too late tomorrow if we want to reach the beach before lunch.
II. Put in 'can', 'can't', 'could' or 'couldn't'.
1) you swim when you were 10?.
2) We get to the meeting on time yesterday, because the train was delayed by one hour.
3) He arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased.
4) He's amazing, he speak five languages, including Chinese.
5) I drive a car until I was 34. Then I moved to the countryside, so I had to learn.
6) I looked everywhere for my glasses but I find them anywhere.
7) I searched for your house for ages. luckily I find it in the end.
8) She's seven years old, but she read yet. Her parents are getting her extra lessons.
9) I read the book three times, but I understand it.
10) James speak Japanese when he lived in Japan, but he's forgotten most of it now.
11) I understand the chapter we had to read for homework. It was so difficult.
12) I lift this box - it's too heavy! Would you help me?
13) Lucy make it to our meeting after all. She's stuck in traffic.
14) John play tennis really well. He's champion of his club.
15) Unfortunately, I really sing at all. No-one in my family is musical either.
16) When the car broke down I was really pleased because I solve the problem.
17) Julian play excellent golf when he was only ten.
18) My grandmother use a computer until last month. Since then she's been taking lessons at the library.
19) I open this window! I think it's stuck.
20) Gill play the piano. She has never studied it.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Are you going swimming? ___ I come with you, please?
A.Should B.Can C.Must D.Will
2. I'm not going to pay five pounds for a coffee. You ____ be joking!
A .can B .might C .must D .should
3. This is a hospital. People are resting, so you ______ be quiet.
A .will B .ought C .should D .can
4. It _____ rain, so take an umbrella.
A .might B .must C .should D .can
5. _____ I have a quick word with you? Something important has happened.
A .Must B .Could C .Would D .Should
6. You _______ smoke here. It's a no-smoking area.
A .couldn't B .wouldn't C .mightn't D .mustn't
7. You ____ come and visit us when you are next in London.
A .could B .might C .would D .must
8. I'm sure you _____ love this film. It's brilliant.
A .could B .can C .might D .would
9. I _____ imagine why she married him. He's so stupid!
A .can't B .mightn't C .mustn't D .shouldn't
10. What _____ you do in my situation? I need your advice.
A .would B .must C .could D .should
11. This is the most important thing - you _______ forget to take the food out of the oven at seven o'clock.
A .wouldn't B .can't C .mustn't D .couldn't
12. They left London at three o'clock so they ______ be here by now.
A .could B .should C .would
13. _________ I have more cheese on my sandwich?
A. Must B. Could C. Would D. Have to
14. You _________ eat more vegetables.
A. should B. might C. may D. could
15. I _________ like to buy the same television for my house.
A. could B. must C. would D. have to
16. _________ I have a coffee please?
A.Must B.Have to C. May D. Would
17. You _________ smoke near children.
A. have to B. may C.shouldn't D. couldn't
18. The passengers _________wear their seatbelts at all times.
A. could B. must C. can D. may
19. We _________ go to the concert if the rain stops. We don't know for sure.
A. mustn't B. might C. have to D. wouldn't
20. I _________ ice skate very well.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
Trên đây là một số kiến thức cơ bản về động từ khuyết thiếu. Hi vọng bài viết này sẽ trở thành tài liệu tham khảo giúp các bạn chinh phục được số điểm cao trong các kì thi nhé!
Động từ khuyết thiếu
AUXILIARY | USES | PRESENT / FUTURE | PAST 1. Could/ May/ Might + perfect:có thể là Dùng để chỉ một tiên đoán trong quá khứ nhưng không có cơ sở. Những động từ khiếm khuyết này đều mang nghĩa hiện tại. Eg: - It may have rained last night, but I am not sure. - The cause of death could have been bacteria. - John might have gone to the movies yesterday. |
| 1. MAY | (1)polite request (2) formal permission (3)more than 50% certainty (4) exclamation as a wish (5) after the clause with “hope”, “trust” (6) adverb clauses of concession with “but” (7) adverb clauses of purpose | - May I borrow your pen? - You may leave the room. - Where is John? He may be at the library. - May all your dreams come true! - I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction. - He may be poor, but he is honest. (Though he is poor...) - She was studying so that she might read English books. | |
| 2. MIGHT | (1)less than 50% (2) polite request (rare) (3) petulant reproach (4) exclamation as a wish (5) after the clause with “hope”, “trust” (6) adverb clauses of concession with “but” (7) adverb clauses of purpose | - Where is John? He might be at the library. - Might I borrow your pen? - You might listen when I am talking to you. (Làm ơn ráng mà lắng nghe tôi nói) | |
| 3. COULD | (1)Past ability (2)polite request (3)suggestion (4)less than 50 % certainty (5)impossibility (negative only) | - Could I borrow your pen? - Could you help me? -I need help in math. You could talk to your teacher. Where is John? He could be at home. That couldn’t be true. | |
| 4. CAN | (1)ability/ possibility (2)informal permission (colloquial speech) (3)informal polite request (4) impossibility (negative only) (5) = Continuous Tense when using with verbs of perception | - I can run fast. - You can use my car tomorrow. - Can I borrow your pen? - That can’t be true. Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the sea. (không dùng I am hearing) | 1. Must have and can't have Diễn đạt một ý kiến của mình theo suy luận logic.(về 1 hành động trong quá khứ) I must have left my wallet in the car.( I am sure I did ) Jim can't have noticed you.( I am sure he didn't ) 2. Must + Perfect: Dùng để nói về một tiên đoán xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng dựa trên những cơ sở rõ ràng Eg: - I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. - My wacth says only ten past six. It must have stopped. |
| 5. MUST | (1)strong necessity (from speaker) -> needn’t (negative) (2)prohibition(negative) (3)95 % certainty-> can’t (negative) | - I must go to class today. - Must I do it now? - No, you needn’t. Tomorrow will be soon enough. - You must not open that door. Mary isn’t in class. She must be sick. ( present only) If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth. | |
| 6. HAVE TO | (1)necessity ( from external circumstances) (2)lack of necessity ( negative) | - I have to go to class today. - I don’t have to go to class today. | Had to Must không có dạng quá khứ, nên chúng ta dùng had to để thay thế. Sorry I'm late, I had to take the children to school. Dạng nghi vấn là Did you have to? Did you have to work late yesterday? |
| 7. HAVE GOT TO | (1)necessity | I have got to go to class today. | |
| 8. SHOULD = OUGHT TO | (1) advisability (2) 90% certainty | - I should study tonight. - She should do well on the test. ( future only, not present) | Should have and ought to have Diễn đạt cảm giác của người nói khi đã nhỡ phạm phải 1 sai lầm nào đó trong quá khứ. I should have posted this letter yesterday.( I didn't do the right thing ) You shouldn't have told me the answer.( you were wrong to do so ) |
| 9. OUGHT TO | (1)advisability (2) 90 % certainty | - I ought to study tonight. - She ought to do well on the test. ( future only, not present) | |
| 10. SHALL | (1) polite question to make a suggestion (2) future with “I “or “we” as subject (3) threat (4) determination (speaker) (5) promise | - Shall I open the door? - I shall arrive at 9.00 (will: more common) - He shall suffer for this; he shall pay you what he owes you. - These people want to buy my house, but they shan’t have it. - If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Saturday. | |
| 11. WILL | (1) 100% certainty (2) willingness (3) polite request (4) determination (subject) (5) promise | - He will be here at 6.00(future only) - The phone is ringing. I’ll get it. - Will you please pass the salt? - (a) George shall go out without his overcoat. (b) George will go out without his overcoat. | Will have V(p2): diễn tả một cái gì đó sẽ được hoàn thành vào một thời gian nào đó trong tương lai. - By 2015, I will have left my school. |
| 12. BE GOING TO | (1)100% certainty (2)definite plan | - He is going to be here at 6.00. (future only) - I am going to paint my bedroom. (future only) | Past plans I was going to paint my bedroom, but now I don’t have time. |
| 13. BE ABLE TO | (1) ability (succeeded in doing) | I am able to help you. I will be able to help you. | were/ was able to the achievement of st difficult in the past When I was young, I could run very fast. Luckily, Mary was able to help us. |
| 14. WOULD | (1)polite request (2)preference (3)repeated action in the past = used to | - Would you please pass the salt? - Would you mind if I left early? I would rather go to the park than stay at home. - Every day he would get up at six o'clock and light the fire. | Would rather + Perfect: Ước muốn đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ Eg: - The film at the cinema was boring. I would rather have stayed home to watch TV. - He studied French at schoo; only because his parents wanted him. He would rather have studied English. Một sự dự đoán về một sự việc mang tính chất giả thiết trong quá khứ - Life in the Middle Ages was harsh and cruel. You would have hated it a lot. |
| 15. USED TO | (1)repeated action in the past | I used to talk to him via mobile phone at night. | I used to visit my grandparents every weekend. |
| 16. HAD BETTER | (1)advisability with threat of bad result | You had better be on time, or we will leave without you. | (past form uncommon) |
| 17. BE SUPPOSED TO | (1)expectation | Class is supposed to begin at 10. | Class was supposed to begin at 10. |
| 18. BE TO | (1)strong expectation | You are to be here at 9.00 | Was/Were to have Diễn đạt một hành động mà đáng lẽ nó đã phải xảy ra nhưng cuối cùng thì lại không xảy ra. He was to have left yesterday.( he was supposed to leave, but he didn't ) |
| 19. NEED | (1)necessity (negative & interrogative) | You needn’t go yet, need you? | Needn't have and didn't need to Có 1 sự khác biệt nhỏ giữa 2 cách dùng này. Hãy so sánh nhé: I needn't have arrived at seven. - Tôi đáng nhẽ không cần phải tới lúc 7h, nhưng tôi đã làm. ( I arrived at seven, but it wasn't necessary ) I didn't need to arrive at seven. - Trước đó tôi đã biết mình không phải tới lúc 7h. ( we don't know when I arrived - maybe seven or later ) Nhưng thông thường trong văn nói, người ta thường dùng didn't need to trong cả 2 trường hợp. In speech, have is often contracted in the forms in this unit. |
| 20. DARE | (1) bravery to do st (2) I daresay (proverb)= perhaps, it is probable | You daren’t climb that tree, dare you? He is not here yet, but I daresay he will come later. |
ExerciseI. Fill in the gaps with should/shouldn’t
1. If it´s rainy you take an umbrella.
2. Tom eat so many lollipops. It´s bad for his teeth.
3. a) I drink hot tea if I have a sore throat?
b) Yes, you .
4. They have a test tomorrow. They go to the cinema . They stay at home and study!
5. Children eat lots of vegetables but they eat lots of sweets.
6. I have a party tonight. What I wear? A dress or a pair of trousers?
7. The doctor said: "_ You eat healthy food. You eat fast food. You watch so much TV. You walk 1 hour a day. You drink fruit juice and water. You drink wine or beer”.
8. Top of FormYou be so selfish.
9. I don't think you smoke so much.
10. You exercise more.
11. I think you try to speak to her.
12. You are overweight. You go on a diet.
13. Where we park our car?
14. You never speak to your mother like this.
15. The kids spend so much time in front of the TV.
16. I tell her the truth or should I say nothing?
17. I think we reserve our holiday in advance.
18. Listen to that music! Our neighbors play music that loud at this hour.
19. If your tooth is still hurting you tomorrow, you go to the dentist's.
20. Cathy keep ringing her ex-boyfriend. I think he is with another girl now.
21. Before going to Madrid for your holidays, you try and learn something of the language. You will enjoy things a lot more.
22. You always knock on the door before entering. This is a private office.
23. We bring something to Kate's party. I'll feel really embarrassed otherwise.
24. That model on the TV is too skinny. She eat more, I think!
25. Lizzie ask Bryan to help her with her studies. He did the same course last year.
26. Pregnant women smoke as it can damage the baby.
27. We leave too late tomorrow if we want to reach the beach before lunch.
II. Put in 'can', 'can't', 'could' or 'couldn't'.
1) you swim when you were 10?.
2) We get to the meeting on time yesterday, because the train was delayed by one hour.
3) He arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased.
4) He's amazing, he speak five languages, including Chinese.
5) I drive a car until I was 34. Then I moved to the countryside, so I had to learn.
6) I looked everywhere for my glasses but I find them anywhere.
7) I searched for your house for ages. luckily I find it in the end.
8) She's seven years old, but she read yet. Her parents are getting her extra lessons.
9) I read the book three times, but I understand it.
10) James speak Japanese when he lived in Japan, but he's forgotten most of it now.
11) I understand the chapter we had to read for homework. It was so difficult.
12) I lift this box - it's too heavy! Would you help me?
13) Lucy make it to our meeting after all. She's stuck in traffic.
14) John play tennis really well. He's champion of his club.
15) Unfortunately, I really sing at all. No-one in my family is musical either.
16) When the car broke down I was really pleased because I solve the problem.
17) Julian play excellent golf when he was only ten.
18) My grandmother use a computer until last month. Since then she's been taking lessons at the library.
19) I open this window! I think it's stuck.
20) Gill play the piano. She has never studied it.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Are you going swimming? ___ I come with you, please?
A.Should B.Can C.Must D.Will
2. I'm not going to pay five pounds for a coffee. You ____ be joking!
A .can B .might C .must D .should
3. This is a hospital. People are resting, so you ______ be quiet.
A .will B .ought C .should D .can
4. It _____ rain, so take an umbrella.
A .might B .must C .should D .can
5. _____ I have a quick word with you? Something important has happened.
A .Must B .Could C .Would D .Should
6. You _______ smoke here. It's a no-smoking area.
A .couldn't B .wouldn't C .mightn't D .mustn't
7. You ____ come and visit us when you are next in London.
A .could B .might C .would D .must
8. I'm sure you _____ love this film. It's brilliant.
A .could B .can C .might D .would
9. I _____ imagine why she married him. He's so stupid!
A .can't B .mightn't C .mustn't D .shouldn't
10. What _____ you do in my situation? I need your advice.
A .would B .must C .could D .should
11. This is the most important thing - you _______ forget to take the food out of the oven at seven o'clock.
A .wouldn't B .can't C .mustn't D .couldn't
12. They left London at three o'clock so they ______ be here by now.
A .could B .should C .would
13. _________ I have more cheese on my sandwich?
A. Must B. Could C. Would D. Have to
14. You _________ eat more vegetables.
A. should B. might C. may D. could
15. I _________ like to buy the same television for my house.
A. could B. must C. would D. have to
16. _________ I have a coffee please?
A.Must B.Have to C. May D. Would
17. You _________ smoke near children.
A. have to B. may C.shouldn't D. couldn't
18. The passengers _________wear their seatbelts at all times.
A. could B. must C. can D. may
19. We _________ go to the concert if the rain stops. We don't know for sure.
A. mustn't B. might C. have to D. wouldn't
20. I _________ ice skate very well.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
Trên đây là một số kiến thức cơ bản về động từ khuyết thiếu. Hi vọng bài viết này sẽ trở thành tài liệu tham khảo giúp các bạn chinh phục được số điểm cao trong các kì thi nhé!
_Chúc các bạn học tốt!_
