Infinitive verb with and without To (Động từ nguyên mẫu có To và không To)

[Đỗ Thị Lan Hương]

Khi làm bài tập tiếng Anh rất nhiều bạn học sinh không biết động từ nào chia có To và động từ nào không có To. Đừng lo! Dưới đây là một số động từ nguyên mẫu có To và không có To, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nhé!

Infinitive verb with and without To​

(Động từ nguyên mẫu có To và không To)​

I. Động từ nguyên mẫu có to (Infinitive with to)​

Động từ nguyên mẫu có to được dùng làm:
- Chủ ngữ (subjects):
Ví dụ:
To swim is good for our health.
Lưu ý: Trong tiếng Anh hiện đại, cấu trúc với chủ ngữ giả it thường được dùng hơn.

- Tân ngữ: (Object)
+ Tân ngữ trực tiếp cho các từ

Afford Agree Arrange Appear Ask Attempt care choose claim decide demand deserve expect fail happen hesitate hope intend learn manage neglect offer plan prepare pretend promise propose refuse seem swear tend threaten vow wait want wish would like yearn urge

Có khả năng Đồng ý Sắp xếp Xuất hiện Yêu cầu Nỗ lực Quan tâm Chọn Thú nhận Quyết định Yêu cầu Xứng đáng Mong muốn Thất bại Tình cờ Ngập ngừng Hy vọng Dự định Học Xoay sở Sao lãng Cho Có kế hoạch Chuẩn bị Giả vờ Hứa Đề nghị Từ chối Hình như Thề Có khuynh hướng Đe dọa Thề Đợi Muốn Ước Thích Khao khát Thúc giục

Ví dụ:
We decided to have a baby.
They plan to go abroad next year.
+ To-infinitive cũng được dùng sau các cụm từ:

to make up one’s mind to take care to make sure to take the trouble, ...

Quyết định Chăm sóc Chắc chắn Gặp rắc rối

Ví dụ
I’ve made up my mind to be a teacher.

+ Sử dụng sau tính từ:
I’m curious to know what he said.
It’s nice to meet you here.

+ Dùng sau các nghi vấn từ trong lời nói gián tiếp (ngoại trừ why).
Ví dụ:
I do not know what to do.
Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

- Bổ ngữ:
+ Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (subjective complements)
Ví dụ:
What you have to do is to work harder.

+ Bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (Objective complements)
Ví dụ:
My mother wants me to become a doctor.

Đứng sau các động từ sau để bổ nghĩa cho tân ngữ

Advise Allow Ask Assume Beg Believe Cause Challenge Command Compel Consider Enable Encourage Expect Find Forbid Force Get Guess Hate Help Imagine Intend Instruct Invite Know Lead Like Leave Love Mean Need Observe order, permit prefer persuade remind request suspect teach tell tempt think trust urge understand want warn wish

Khuyên Cho phép Yêu cầu Thừa nhận Cầu xin Tin tưởng Gây ra Thử thách Ra lệnh Bắt ép Cân nhắc Kích hoạt Khuyến khích Kì vọng Tìm Cấm Ép Lấy Đoán Ghét Giúp đỡ Tưởng tượng Có ý định Hướng dẫn Mời Biết Dẫn dắt Giống Rời Yêu Có ý nghĩa Cần Quan sát Đặt Cấp phép Thích Thuyết phục Gợi nhớ Đòi hỏi Nghi ngờ Dạy Kể Làm tạm thời Nghĩ Tin tưởng Thúc giục Hiểu Cần Cảnh báo Ước

Ví dụ:
They urge me to go faster.

II. Động từ nguyên mẫu không to (Infinitive without to)​

Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng:
Sau các trợ động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verbs).
Ví dụ:
We must go now.

Sau các động từ: let, make, help, see, hear, feel, watch, notice + tân ngữ.
Ví dụ:
We saw her get off the bus.
The boss made us work so hard.
Lưu ý: Sau help + object có thể là một động từ nguyên mẫu có to hoặc không to.

Sau các cụm động từ had better, would rather, had sooner và sau why hoặc why not.
Ví dụ:
I would rather stay at home.
Why not stay for lunch?

III. Bài tập to V-Ving ​

Bài tập 1: chọn đáp án đúng
1. The teacher decided (accepting/to accept) the paper.
2. They appreciate (to have/having) this information.
3. His father doesn’t approve of his (going/ to go) to Europe.
4. We found it very difficult (reaching/ to reach) a decision.
5. Donna is interested in (to open/opening) a bar.
6. George has no intention of (to leave/leaving) the city now.
7. We are eager (to return/returning) to school in the fall.
8. We would be better off (to buy/ buying) this car.
9. She refused (to accept/ accepting) the gift.
10. Mary regrets (to be/being) the one to have to tell him.
11. George pretended (to be/being) sick yesterday.
12. Carlos hopes (to finish/finishing) his thesis this year.
13. They agreed (to leave/leaving) early.
14. Helen was anxious (to tell/ telling) her family about her promotion.
15. We are not ready (to stop/stopping) this research at this time.
16. Henry shouldn’t risk (to drive/driving) so fast.
17. He demands (to know/knowing) what is going on.
18. She is looking forward to (return/returning) to her country.
19. There is no excuse for (to leave/leaving) the room in this condition.
20. Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/leaving) the game.

Bài tập 2. Put the verb into the gerund or the infinitive:
1) She delayed __________ (get) out of bed.
2) He demanded ___________ (speak) to the manager.
3) I offered ___________ (help).
4) I miss ___________ (go) to the beach.
5) We postponed ___________ (do).
6) I'd hate __________ (arrive) too late.
7) She admitted ____________ (steal) the money.
8) I chose __________ (work) here.
9) She waited __________ (buy) a drink.
10) I really appreciate __________ (be) on holiday.
11) I couldn't help ___________ (laugh) .
12) It seems __________ (be) raining.
13) I considered __________ (move) to Spain.
14) They practised ___________ (speak).
15) Finally I managed _________ (finish) the work.
16) I really can't stand _________ (wait) for the bus.
17) Unfortunately, we can't afford _________ (buy) a new car this year.
18) She risked __________ (be) late.
19) I'd love __________ (come) with you.
20) I prepared ______ (go) on holiday.

Đáp án
Bài tập 1
1. The teacher decided (accepting/to accept) the paper.
2. They appreciate (to have/having) this information.
3. His father doesn’t approve of his (going/ to go) to Europe.
4. We found it very difficult (reaching/ to reach) a decision.
5. Donna is interested in (to open/opening) a bar.
6. George has no intention of (to leave/leaving) the city now.
7. We are eager (to return/returning) to school in the fall.
8. We would be better off (to buy/ buying) this car.
9. She refused (to accept/ accepting) the gift.
10. Mary regrets (to be/being) the one to have to tell him.
11. George pretended (to be/being) sick yesterday.
12. Carlos hopes (to finish/finishing) his thesis this year.
13. They agreed (to leave/leaving) early.
14. Helen was anxious (to tell/ telling) her family about her promotion.
15. We are not ready (to stop/stopping) this research at this time.
16. Henry shouldn’t risk (to drive/driving) so fast.
17. He demands (to know/knowing) what is going on.
18. She is looking forward to (return/returning) to her country.
19. There is no excuse for (to leave/leaving) the room in this condition.
20. Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/leaving) the game.

Bài tập 2. Put the verb into the gerund or the infinitive:
1) She delayed ____getting______ (get) out of bed.
2) He demanded _____to speak______ (speak) to the manager.
3) I offered ____to help_______ (help).
4) I miss ____going_______ (go) to the beach.
5) We postponed _____doing______ (do).
6) I'd hate ____to arrive______ (arrive) too late.
7) She admitted ______stealing______ (steal) the money.
8) I chose ____to work ______ (work) here.
9) She waited _____ to buy_____ (buy) a drink.
10) I really appreciate ____being______ (be) on holiday.
11) I couldn't help ______laughing_____ (laugh) .
12) It seems ____to be______ (be) raining.
13) I considered ______moving ____ (move) to Spain.
14) They practised ______speaking_____ (speak).
15) Finally I managed _____to finish____ (finish) the work.
16) I really can't stand _____waiting____ (wait) for the bus.
17) Unfortunately, we can't afford _____to buy____ (buy) a new car this year.
18) She risked _____being_____ (be) late.
19) I'd love _____to come_____ (come) with you.
20) I prepared ___to go___ (go) on holiday.

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