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Nội dung: <blockquote data-quote="Butchi" data-source="post: 101594" data-attributes="member: 7">How Failure Can Lead to Long-Lasting Knowledge[MP3]https://server1.vnkienthuc.com/files/3/Media/se-ed-learning-failures-09sep10.mp3[/MP3]This is the VOA Special English Education Report.No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says [A]organizations[/A] learn more from their failures than their [A]successes[/A], and keep that knowledge longer.One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah.They did not find much [A]long-term[/A] "organizational learning" from success. It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from [A]failure[/A] lasts for years.He says organizations should treat failures as a learning [A]opportunity [/A]and not try to ignore them.The study looked at companies and organizations that launch [A]satellites[/A] and other space vehicles. Professor Desai compared two [A]shuttle[/A] flights.In two thousand two, a piece of insulating [A]material[/A] broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.Then, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials [A]suspended[/A] all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes.Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded. He points to airlines as an example of an [A]industry[/A] that has learned from failures in the past.He advises organizations to look for useful [A]information[/A] in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study [A]appeared[/A] in the Academy of Management Journal.The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly.Fabricio Cimino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum shows up and, passing by, says to me "Did you try plugging it?" I was like "I'm just [A]dusting[/A], Mum!" so she wouldn't notice how dumb I am sometimes!Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in his pocket. He wrote: I always [A]promise[/A] I will never do it again, but after a few weeks ... where is my wallet? For sure it will be in a very [A]logical[/A] place.</blockquote>

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