Đề thi và đáp án tốt nghiệp THPT môn địa lí

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1/ trinh` bay` ve^` nhung~ die^u` kie^n thua^n loi de^? phat' trie^n? ca^y co^ng nghie^p o? nuoc' ta? Hay~ cho bie^t' tung` vung` o? nuoc' ta tro^ng` chu? ye^u' cac' ca^y co^ng nghie^p la^u na)m nhu: ca` phe^, cao su, che`, dua`, ho^` tie^u.

KY THI TOT NGHIEP THPT - NAM HOC 2005 - 2006DE VA BAI GIAI MON DIA LY​

I. PHAN BAT BUOC (5,0 diem)
Cau 1 (3,0 diem): Cho bang so lieu: Co cau su dung lao dong theo nganh kinh te nuoc ta (don vi %)
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[TD="width: 193"] Nam
Nganh
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1989 ​

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2003 ​

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[TD="width: 193, bgcolor: transparent"] Nong - lam - ngu nghiep [/TD]
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71,5 ​

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[TD="width: 90, bgcolor: transparent"]

59,6 ​

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[TD="width: 193, bgcolor: transparent"] Cong nghiep - xay dung [/TD]
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11,2 ​

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[TD="width: 90, bgcolor: transparent"]

16,4 ​

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[TD="width: 193, bgcolor: transparent"] Dich vu [/TD]
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17,3 ​

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24,0 ​

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a) Ve bieu do hinh tron the hien co cau su dung lao dong theo nganh kinh te nam 1989 va 2003.
b) Nhan xet su thay doi co cau su dung lao dong theo nganh kinh te nuoc ta qua hai nam tren.
c) Giai thich su thay doi do.
Cau 2 (2,0 diem): Dua vao bang so lieu : So dan va san luong lua nuoc ta

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[TD="width: 166"] Nam [/TD]
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1981 ​

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1986 ​

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1988 ​

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1990 ​

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1996 ​

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1999 ​

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2003 ​

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[TD="width: 166, bgcolor: transparent"] So dan (trieu nguoi) [/TD]
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54,9 ​

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61,2 ​

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63,6 ​

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66,2 ​

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[TD="width: 39, bgcolor: transparent"]

75,4 ​

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76,3 ​

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80,9 ​

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[TD="width: 166, bgcolor: transparent"] San luong lua (trieu tan) [/TD]
[TD="width: 31, bgcolor: transparent"]

12,4 ​

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16,0 ​

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17,0 ​

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19,2 ​

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26,4 ​

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31,4 ​

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34,6 ​

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​

a) Tinh san luong lua binh quan dau nguoi qua cac nam (kg/nguoi).
b) Qua bang so lieu va ket qua tinh toan, hay nhan xet su gia tang dan so, san luong lua va san luong lua binh quan dau nguoi trong thoi gian tren.
II. PHAN TU CHON (5,0 diem)
Thi sinh chon mot trong hai de sau:
DE I.
Cau 1 (3,5 diem):
Trinh bay nhung thuan loi ve dieu kien tu nhien de phat trien cay ca phe o Tay Nguyen. Neu tinh hinh san xuat va phan bo cay ca phe trong vung. Cac bien phap de phat trien on dinh cay ca phe o vung nay ?
Cau 2 (1,5 diem):
Viec lam dang la mot van de kinh te - xa hoi gay gat o nuoc ta hien nay, hay:
a) Chung minh nhan dinh tren.
b) Viec tang cuong thu hut von dau tu nuoc ngoai co tac dong tich cuc gi toi van de giai quyet viec lam hien nay o nuoc ta?
DE II
Dua vao At lat Dia ly Viet Nam (Ban do cong nghiep chung, Ban do cong nghiep nang luong) va kien thuc da hoc, hay:
1. (2,5 diem). Xac dinh quy mo va ke ten cac nganh cua tung trung tam cong nghiep o Dong Nam Bo.
2. (0,5 diem). Ke ten cac nha may thuy dien va nhiet dien trong vung Dong Nam Bo.
3 (2,0 diem). So sanh su giong nhau va khac nhau ve quy mo, co cau nganh cua hai trung tam cong nghiep Ha Noi va Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. Giai thich ve su khac nhau do.

BAI GIAI​

I. PHAN BAT BUOC (5,0 diem)
Cau 1:
a)
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Bieu do the hien co cau su dung lao dong theo nganh kinh te nam 1989 va 2003 o nuoc ta.
b) Nhan xet su thay doi co cau su dung lao dong theo nganh kinh te nuoc ta qua 2 nam tren:
- Ti le lao dong nong - lam - ngu nghiep giam 11,9%.
- Ti le lao dong cong nghiep xay dung tang 5,2%.
- Ti le lao dong dich vu tang 6,7%.
c) Giai thich: co su thay doi co cau su dung lao dong theo nganh kinh te nhu tren vi nuoc ta hien nay dang trong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, mo cua nen kinh te va do tac dong cua cuoc cach mang khoa hoc ky thuat nen nuoc ta dang cung luc thuc hien 2 cuoc chuyen dich co cau kinh te tu san xuat vat chat sang dich vu, tu nong nghiep sang cong nghiep.
Cau 2:
a) Bang so lieu the hien san luong lua binh quan dau nguoi qua cac nam: Kg/nguoi
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Nam ​

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1981 ​

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1986 ​

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1988 ​

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1990 ​

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[TD="width: 30"]

1996 ​

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[TD="width: 18"]

1999 ​

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[TD="width: 36"]

2003 ​

[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 139, bgcolor: transparent"] San luong lua binh quan dau nguoi
[/TD]
[TD="width: 30, bgcolor: transparent"]

225,9 ​

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261,4 ​

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267,2 ​

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290,0 ​

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350,1 ​

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[TD="width: 18, bgcolor: transparent"]

411,5 ​

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427,7 ​

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b) Nhan xet:
- Nhin chung so dan, san luong lua, san luong lua binh quan dau nguoi cua nuoc ta tu 1981 den 2003 luon tang.
- Tu nam 1981 den 2003
+ Dan so nuoc ta tang 26 trieu nguoi, tang 1,47 lan.
+ San luong lua tang 22,2 trieu tan, tang 2,79 lan.
+ San luong lua binh quan tang 201,8kg/nguoi, tang 1,89 lan.
- Dan so nuoc ta luon tang nhung toc do tang cua san luong lua nhanh hon nen binh quan san luong lua theo dau nguoi luon tang.
- Do dan so nuoc ta dong nen mac du tang lien tuc nhung binh quan san luong lua theo dau nguoi nuoc ta chua cao.
- San luong lua cua nuoc ta tang nhanh do ta phat trien thuy loi, day manh tham canh tang vu, co cau mua vu thay doi, chon cac giong moi co nang suat cao phu hop moi truong sinh thai, thi truong tieu thu mo rong.
II. PHAN TU CHON (5,0 diem)
DE I
Cau 1:
a. Thuan loi ve dieu kien tu nhien:
- Tay Nguyen la vung co dien tich dat badan lon nhat o nuoc ta, dat bazan o Tay Nguyen co tang phong hoa sau, giau chat dinh duong, lai phan bo tap trung voi nhung mat bang rong, thuan loi cho viec thanh lap cac nong truong va vung chuyen canh quy mo lon.
- Khi hau Tay Nguyen co tinh chat can xich dao voi mot mua mua va mot mua kho keo dai (co khi toi 4 - 5 thang ). Mua kho keo dai lai la dieu kien thuan loi de phoi say, bao quan san pham. Tay Nguyen la cac cao nguyen xep tang, nen o cac vung co do cao thap phu hop voi cay cong nghiep nhiet doi, dac biet la ca phe.
b. Tinh hinh san xuat va phan bo cay ca phe:
- Ca phe la cay cong nghiep quan trong so mot cua Tay Nguyen. Dien tich ca phe o Tay Nguyen hien nay la hon 290 nghin ha, chiem 4/5 dien tich ca phe ca nuoc.
- Dak Lak la tinh co dien tich ca phe lon nhat (170 nghin ha).
- Ca phe che duoc trong tren cac cao nguyen tuong doi cao, co khi hau mat hon (Gia Lai, Kon Tum va Lam Dong).
- Con ca phe voi duoc trong o nhung vung nong hon (chu yeu o Dac Lac). Ca phe Buon Ma Thuot noi tieng co chat luong cao.
c. Bien phap de on dinh cay ca phe:
- Ben canh cac nong truong quoc doanh can phat trien rong rai cac mo hinh kinh te vuon trong ca phe.
- Thu hut lao dong tu nhieu noi khac toi. Su dung tot hon suc lao dong, nang cao hieu qua cua viec dau tu san xuat, mo rong dien tich va nang cao san luong .
- Dam bao tot luong thuc, thuc pham cho nhan dan trong vung de tao dieu kien on dinh dien tich cay ca phe.
- Nang cap mang luoi duong giao thong dac biet la tuyen duong 14 xuyen Tay Nguyen va cac duong ngang noi cac tinh Tay Nguyen voi duyen hai Nam Trung Bo (duong 19,26).
- Day manh thu hut dau tu hop tac cua nuoc ngoai vao Tay Nguyen.
- Day manh khau che bien cac san pham cay ca phe.
- Mo rong thi truong tieu thu san pham cay ca phe.
Cau 2:
a. Viec lam dang la mot van de kinh te - xa hoi gay gat o nuoc ta hien nay vi:
- Nam 1998 ca nuoc co 9,4 trieu nguoi thieu viec lam va 856 nghin nguoi that nghiep. Ti le thieu viec lam o vung nong thon la 28,2%. Ti le that nghiep o thanh thi la 6,8%.
- Hien nay, ti le thieu viec lam o nong thon va ti le that nghiep o thanh thi cao nhat la o dong bang song Hong, tiep den la o Bac Trung Bo. Van de viec lam o Dong Nam Bo truoc day cung rat cang thang, nay da duoc cai thien ro ret.
b. Tac dong tich cuc cua viec tang cuong thu hut von dau tu nuoc ngoai:
Viec tang cuong thu hut von dau tu nuoc ngoai vao nuoc ta co tac dong tich cuc den van de giai quyet viec lam o nuoc ta hien nay vi voi von dau tu nuoc ngoai, ta day manh phat trien kinh te tao nhung cong viec moi nham lam giam bot tinh trang that nghiep.
+ O thanh thi day manh viec phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep, dich vu.
+ O nong thon day manh phat trien nong nghiep hang hoa theo huong tham canh, chuyen canh, day manh cong nghiep che bien.
+ Voi von dau tu ta co the phat trien co so ha tang, phat trien kinh te nhat la o trung du va mien nui tao dieu kien phan bo lai dan cu va lao dong giua cac vung de giai quyet ap luc viec lam o cac thanh pho lon va bo sung nguon lao dong cho cac mien trung du va mien nui co nhieu tai nguyen nhung thieu lao dong.
DE II
1. Quy mo va ten cac nganh cong nghiep cua cac trung tam cong nghiep o Dong Nam Bo
- Trung tam cong nghiep Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
+ Quy mo: gia tri san xuat cong nghiep nam 2000: tren 50 nghin ti dong.
+ Cac nganh cong nghiep: che bien nong san: san xuat vat lieu xay dung; san xuat giay xenlulo; det, may; hoa chat, phan bon; dong tau; dien tu; san xuat o to; co khi; luyen kim den; luyen kim mau; nhiet dien.
- Trung tam cong nghiep Bien Hoa
+ Quy mo: gia tri san xuat cong nghiep nam 2000 tu 10 - 50 nghin ti dong.
+ Cac nganh cong nghiep: hoa chat, phan bon; dien tu; det, may; co khi; san xuat vat lieu xay dung, che bien nong san, san xuat giay, xenlulo.
- Trung tam cong nghiep Vung Tau:
+ Quy mo: gia tri san xuat cong nghiep nam 2000 tu 10 - 50 nghin ti dong.
+ Cac nganh cong nghiep: co khi,luyen kim den, che bien nong san, vat lieu xay dung, nhiet dien, dong tau, hoa chat phan bon; det may.
- Trung tam cong nghiep Thu Dau Mot:
+ Quy mo: gia tri san xuat cong nghiep nam 2000 tu 3 - 9,9 nghin ti dong.
+ Cac nganh cong nghiep: dien tu; che bien nong san; co khi; hoa chat phan bon; det may; san xuat vat lieu xay dung; san xuat giay xenlulo.
2. Cac nha may dien o Dong Nam Bo:
- Thuy dien: Tri An, Thac Mo, Can Don.
- Nhiet dien: Phu Mi, Ba Ria, Thu Duc.
3. So sanh 2 trung tam cong nghiep Ha Noi va TP Ho Chi Minh
- Ve quy mo:
+ Giong nhau: la 2 trung tam cong nghiep lon cua nuoc ta.
+ Khac nhau: gia tri san xuat cong nghiep cua TP Ho Chi Minh nam 2000 la tren 50 nghin ti dong lon hon gia tri san xuat cong nghiep cua Ha Noi (tu 10 – 50 nghin ti dong).
- Ve co cau nganh:
+ Giong nhau: hai trung tam deu co nhieu nganh cong nghiep.
+ Khac nhau: so nganh cong nghiep cua TP Ho Chi Minh (12 nganh) nhieu hon Ha Noi (9 nganh).
Cac nganh cong nghiep o Ha Noi : che bien nong san; co khi; san xuat o to; san xuat giay xenlulo; san xuat vat lieu xay dung ; luyen kim den; dien tu; det , may; hoa chat, phan bon.
Cac nganh cong nghiep o TP Ho Chi Minh: ngoai 9 nganh cong nghiep giong nhu o Ha Noi, TP Ho Chi Minh con co them cac nganh dong tau, luyen kim mau, nhiet dien.
- Giai thich: co su khac biet ve quy mo va co cau nganh cua 2 trung tam cong nghiep tren vi TP Ho Chi Minh la trung tam cong nghiep lon nhat nuoc do :
+ Co uu the ve vi tri dia ly (giap Dong bang song Cuu Long, Tay Nguyen, Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo, Campuchia va nhat la giap Bien Dong)
+ Co luc luong lao dong co ky thuat.
+ Co ket cau ha tang phat trien.
+ Co cang song voi nang luc boc do kha lon.