Đỗ Thị Lan Hương
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Câu chẻ là một trong những câu có cấu trúc khá đơn giản. Nhưng trong đề thi với hàng loạt câu hỏi, vậy làm sao để nhận biết câu chẻ? Cùng tìm hiểu qua bài viết dưới đây nhé!
Cleft sentences (Câu chẻ)
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ từ, túc từ hay trạng từ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (người) + who/that + V + O …
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
→ It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
(Chính anh tôi là người đã sưu tầm những cái tem nước ngoài này)
b. It + is / was + Noun (vật) + that + V + O …
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
→ It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
(Chính sự vắng mặt của cô ấy tại buổi tiệc làm tôi buồn)
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (người) + who(m) + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
→ It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
(Chính Daisy là người tôi đã gặp trên đường đi học)
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không dùng whom thay cho who.
b. It + is / was + Noun (vật) + that + S + V …
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
→ It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
(Chính cái xe máy cũ là cái anh tôi đã mua từ người hàng xóm)
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
(Chính tháng mười hai là khi chúng tôi gặp nhau lần đầu tiên)
- I was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that I was born.
(Chính ngôi làng này là nơi tôi được sinh ra)
4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P…
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
(Chính người ca sĩ đó được tặng rất nhiều hoa)
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P…
Ex: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
(Chính bộ phim này là cái được nói đến)
- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
(Chính nhiều hoa đã được tặng cho người ca sĩ)
Exercise
Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Using structure” it is / was ... that”
1. She bought the car from Tom.
…………………………………………………………………..
2. My secretary sent the bill to Mr. Harding yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………..
3. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.
…………………………………………………………………..
4. The president makes the important decisions.
…………………………………………………………………..
5. I’m looking forward to physics exam.
…………………………………………………………………..
6. I lost my wallet somewhere in there.
…………………………………………………………………..
7. I was born and grew up in a small village.
…………………………………………………………………..
8. My teacher helped me a lot of with my study last semester.
…………………………………………………………………..
9. The headmaster gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship.
…………………………………………………………………..
10. Your carelessness caused the accident
…………………………………………………………………..
11. The neighbour told them about it.
…………………………………………………………….
12. My friend came to see me late last night.
…………………………………………………………….
13. That boy scored the goal for his team.
…………………………………………………………….
14. The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran awy.
…………………………………………………………….
15. The strong wind blew the roof off.
…………………………………………………………….
16. The woman answered the man rudely.
…………………………………………………………….
17. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
…………………………………………………………….
18. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
…………………………………………………………….
19. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
…………………………………………………………….
20. He borrowed the money from Linda.
…………………………………………………………….
21. He bought the book from that corner shop.
…………………………………………………………….
22. He got married when he was 26.
…………………………………………………………….
23. Thay were having a barbecue in the park.
…………………………………………………………….
24. I met him on the way to school.
…………………………………………………………….
25. They often had parties on weekends.
…………………………………………………………….
II. Choose the best answers:
1. ________ I bought the golden fish.
A. It was from this shop that B. I was from this shop where
C. It was this shop which D. It was this shop that
2. It was Tom _______ to help us.
A. comes B. that comes C. to come D. who came
3. _______ the police had rescued from the fire.
A. The baby B. The baby that
C. It was the baby whom D. The baby whom
4. ________ my parents gave me the fish tank.
A. It was on my birthday when B. It was my birthday on that
C. It was my birthday that D. It was on my birthday that
5. _______ I first met my girlfriend.
A. It was in London that B. It was in London where
C. It was London that D. It was London which
6. _________ on the phone.
A. It is his mother whom is B. It was his mother whom is
C. It was his mother who is D. It is his mother who is
7. ________ a high level of blood cholesterol.
A. It is eggs that contain B. Those are eggs it contains
C. It is eggs that contains D. It is eggs contain
8. _________ England won the World Cup.
A. It was in 1966 that B. It was on 1966 that
C. It was in 1966 when D. It was 1966 in that
9. __________ we all look for.
A. It is happiness that B. That happiness
C. Happiness it is that D. Happiness it is
10. ____________ me how to play the drum.
A. It was my uncle who taught B. My uncle who taught
C. It was my uncle taught D. It is my uncle teaching
Trên đây là cấu trúc, cách sử dụng và một số bài tập về câu chẻ. Hi vọng qua bài viết này các bạn sẽ biết cách sử dụng câu chẻ để đạt điểm cao trong các kì thi sắp tới.
Cleft sentences (Câu chẻ)
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ từ, túc từ hay trạng từ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (người) + who/that + V + O …
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
→ It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
(Chính anh tôi là người đã sưu tầm những cái tem nước ngoài này)
b. It + is / was + Noun (vật) + that + V + O …
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
→ It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
(Chính sự vắng mặt của cô ấy tại buổi tiệc làm tôi buồn)
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (người) + who(m) + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
→ It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
(Chính Daisy là người tôi đã gặp trên đường đi học)
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không dùng whom thay cho who.
b. It + is / was + Noun (vật) + that + S + V …
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
→ It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
(Chính cái xe máy cũ là cái anh tôi đã mua từ người hàng xóm)
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
(Chính tháng mười hai là khi chúng tôi gặp nhau lần đầu tiên)
- I was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that I was born.
(Chính ngôi làng này là nơi tôi được sinh ra)
4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P…
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
(Chính người ca sĩ đó được tặng rất nhiều hoa)
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P…
Ex: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
(Chính bộ phim này là cái được nói đến)
- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
(Chính nhiều hoa đã được tặng cho người ca sĩ)
Exercise
Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Using structure” it is / was ... that”
1. She bought the car from Tom.
…………………………………………………………………..
2. My secretary sent the bill to Mr. Harding yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………..
3. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.
…………………………………………………………………..
4. The president makes the important decisions.
…………………………………………………………………..
5. I’m looking forward to physics exam.
…………………………………………………………………..
6. I lost my wallet somewhere in there.
…………………………………………………………………..
7. I was born and grew up in a small village.
…………………………………………………………………..
8. My teacher helped me a lot of with my study last semester.
…………………………………………………………………..
9. The headmaster gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship.
…………………………………………………………………..
10. Your carelessness caused the accident
…………………………………………………………………..
11. The neighbour told them about it.
…………………………………………………………….
12. My friend came to see me late last night.
…………………………………………………………….
13. That boy scored the goal for his team.
…………………………………………………………….
14. The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran awy.
…………………………………………………………….
15. The strong wind blew the roof off.
…………………………………………………………….
16. The woman answered the man rudely.
…………………………………………………………….
17. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
…………………………………………………………….
18. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
…………………………………………………………….
19. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
…………………………………………………………….
20. He borrowed the money from Linda.
…………………………………………………………….
21. He bought the book from that corner shop.
…………………………………………………………….
22. He got married when he was 26.
…………………………………………………………….
23. Thay were having a barbecue in the park.
…………………………………………………………….
24. I met him on the way to school.
…………………………………………………………….
25. They often had parties on weekends.
…………………………………………………………….
II. Choose the best answers:
1. ________ I bought the golden fish.
A. It was from this shop that B. I was from this shop where
C. It was this shop which D. It was this shop that
2. It was Tom _______ to help us.
A. comes B. that comes C. to come D. who came
3. _______ the police had rescued from the fire.
A. The baby B. The baby that
C. It was the baby whom D. The baby whom
4. ________ my parents gave me the fish tank.
A. It was on my birthday when B. It was my birthday on that
C. It was my birthday that D. It was on my birthday that
5. _______ I first met my girlfriend.
A. It was in London that B. It was in London where
C. It was London that D. It was London which
6. _________ on the phone.
A. It is his mother whom is B. It was his mother whom is
C. It was his mother who is D. It is his mother who is
7. ________ a high level of blood cholesterol.
A. It is eggs that contain B. Those are eggs it contains
C. It is eggs that contains D. It is eggs contain
8. _________ England won the World Cup.
A. It was in 1966 that B. It was on 1966 that
C. It was in 1966 when D. It was 1966 in that
9. __________ we all look for.
A. It is happiness that B. That happiness
C. Happiness it is that D. Happiness it is
10. ____________ me how to play the drum.
A. It was my uncle who taught B. My uncle who taught
C. It was my uncle taught D. It is my uncle teaching
Trên đây là cấu trúc, cách sử dụng và một số bài tập về câu chẻ. Hi vọng qua bài viết này các bạn sẽ biết cách sử dụng câu chẻ để đạt điểm cao trong các kì thi sắp tới.
_Chúc các bạn học tốt!_
