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Bàn về could (do) và could have (done)
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<blockquote data-quote="Butchi" data-source="post: 135592" data-attributes="member: 7"><p style="text-align: center"> <span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"> <span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="color: #006400"><strong>BÀN VỀ COULD (DO) VÀ COULD HAVE (DONE)</strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Chúng ta sử dụng </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> theo một số cách. Đôi khi nó có thể là quá khứ của can (Xem chi tiết <a href="https://diendankienthuc.net/diendan/showthread.php?t=86884" target="_blank">TẠI ĐÂY</a></span><span style="color: #000000">):</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- Listen. I </span><strong>can hear</strong><span style="color: #000000"> something. (</span><em>now</em><span style="color: #000000">)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- I listened. I </span><strong>could hear</strong><span style="color: #000000"> something. (</span><em>past</em><span style="color: #000000">)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">Nhưng </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> không chỉ được sử dụng theo cách này. Chúng ta còn có thể sử dụng </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> để nói về những thành động có thể ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai</span><span style="color: #000000"> (đặc biệt là khi đưa ra gợi ý). Chẳng hạn:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- A: What shall we do this evening?</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- B: We </span><strong>could go</strong><span style="color: #000000"> to the cinema.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- It's a nice day. We </span><strong>could go</strong><span style="color: #000000"> for a walk.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- When you go to New York next month, you </span><strong>could stay</strong><span style="color: #000000"> with Barbara.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- A: If you need money, why don't you ask Karen?</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- B: Yes, I suppose I </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000">.</span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'">[ATTACH]10768[/ATTACH]</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>Can</strong><span style="color: #000000"> cũng có thể sử dụng được trong những câu trên ('We </span><strong>can</strong><span style="color: #000000"> go for a walk.' etc.). </span><strong>Could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> mang tính ít chắc chắn hơn </span><strong>can</strong><span style="color: #000000">.</span></span></span></p><p> <span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Bạn </span><em>phải</em><span style="color: #000000"> sử dụng </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> (</span><em>không dùng</em><span style="color: #000000"> 'can') khi bạn không thực sự hàm ý những gì bạn nói. Ví dụ:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- I'm so angry with him. I </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> kill him! (</span><em>không nói</em><span style="color: #000000"> 'I can kill him')</span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Chúng ta cũng sử dụng </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> để nói rằng một thứ gì đó có thể bây giờ hoặc trong tương lai:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- The phone is ringing. It </span><strong>could be</strong><span style="color: #000000"> Tim.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- I don't know when they'll be here. They </span><strong>could arrive</strong><span style="color: #000000"> at any time.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><strong>Can</strong><span style="color: #000000"> is </span><em>không </em><span style="color: #000000">thể sử dụng trong những trường hợp như vậy (</span><em>không nói</em><span style="color: #000000"> 'It can be Tim'). Trong những câu như vậy could có nghĩa gần giống với might</span><span style="color: #000000">:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- The phone is ringing. It </span><strong>might</strong><span style="color: #000000"> be Tim.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">So sánh </span><strong>could (do)</strong><span style="color: #000000"> và </span><strong>could have (done)</strong><span style="color: #000000">:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- I'm so tired. I </span><strong>could sleep</strong><span style="color: #000000"> for a week. (<em>hiện tại</em></span><span style="color: #000000">)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- I was so tired. I </span><strong>could have slept</strong><span style="color: #000000"> for a week. (</span><em>past</em><span style="color: #000000">)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">Rất nhiều khi chúng ta sử dụng </span><strong>could have (done)</strong><span style="color: #000000"> để nói về những điều có thể nhưng không xảy ra</span><span style="color: #000000">:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You </span><strong>could have stayed</strong><span style="color: #000000"> with Barbara. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">(= you had the opportunity to stay with her but you didn't)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he's all right. He's lucky - he </span><strong>could have hurt</strong><span style="color: #000000"> himself badly. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">(but he didn't hurt himself)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- The situation was bad but it </span><strong>could have been</strong><span style="color: #000000"> worse.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">Đôi khi </span><strong>could</strong><span style="color: #000000"> có nghĩa là 'would be able to…':</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- We </span><strong>could go</strong><span style="color: #000000"> away if we had enough money. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">(= we would be able to go away)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- I don't know how you work so hard. I </span><strong>couldn't do</strong><span style="color: #000000"> it.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><strong>Could have (done)</strong><span style="color: #000000"> = would </span><strong>have been</strong><span style="color: #000000"> able to (do):</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">- Why didn't Liz apply for the job? She </span><strong>could have got</strong><span style="color: #000000"> it.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- We </span><strong>could have gone</strong><span style="color: #000000"> away if we'd had enough money.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- The trip was cancelled last week. Paul </span><strong>couldn't have gone</strong><span style="color: #000000"> anyway because he was ill. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">(= he wouldn't have been able to go)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">- You did very well to pass the exam. I'm sure I </span><strong>couldn't have passed</strong><span style="color: #000000"> it. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="color: #000000">(= I wouldn't have been able to pass it if I had taken it)</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Butchi, post: 135592, member: 7"] [CENTER] [SIZE=4][FONT=arial] [SIZE=4][COLOR=#006400][B]BÀN VỀ COULD (DO) VÀ COULD HAVE (DONE)[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] [/FONT][/SIZE][/CENTER] [SIZE=4][FONT=arial] [COLOR=#000000]Chúng ta sử dụng [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] theo một số cách. Đôi khi nó có thể là quá khứ của can (Xem chi tiết [URL="https://diendankienthuc.net/diendan/showthread.php?t=86884"]TẠI ĐÂY[/URL][/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]): [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - Listen. I [/COLOR][B]can hear[/B][COLOR=#000000] something. ([/COLOR][I]now[/I][COLOR=#000000]) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- I listened. I [/COLOR][B]could hear[/B][COLOR=#000000] something. ([/COLOR][I]past[/I][COLOR=#000000]) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]Nhưng [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] không chỉ được sử dụng theo cách này. Chúng ta còn có thể sử dụng [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] để nói về những thành động có thể ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai[/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] (đặc biệt là khi đưa ra gợi ý). Chẳng hạn: [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - A: What shall we do this evening? [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- B: We [/COLOR][B]could go[/B][COLOR=#000000] to the cinema. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - It's a nice day. We [/COLOR][B]could go[/B][COLOR=#000000] for a walk. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- When you go to New York next month, you [/COLOR][B]could stay[/B][COLOR=#000000] with Barbara. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- A: If you need money, why don't you ask Karen? [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- B: Yes, I suppose I [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000].[/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR] [ATTACH=CONFIG]10768[/ATTACH] [B]Can[/B][COLOR=#000000] cũng có thể sử dụng được trong những câu trên ('We [/COLOR][B]can[/B][COLOR=#000000] go for a walk.' etc.). [/COLOR][B]Could[/B][COLOR=#000000] mang tính ít chắc chắn hơn [/COLOR][B]can[/B][COLOR=#000000]. [/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000]Bạn [/COLOR][I]phải[/I][COLOR=#000000] sử dụng [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] ([/COLOR][I]không dùng[/I][COLOR=#000000] 'can') khi bạn không thực sự hàm ý những gì bạn nói. Ví dụ: [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - I'm so angry with him. I [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] kill him! ([/COLOR][I]không nói[/I][COLOR=#000000] 'I can kill him')[/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] Chúng ta cũng sử dụng [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] để nói rằng một thứ gì đó có thể bây giờ hoặc trong tương lai: [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - The phone is ringing. It [/COLOR][B]could be[/B][COLOR=#000000] Tim. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- I don't know when they'll be here. They [/COLOR][B]could arrive[/B][COLOR=#000000] at any time. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][B]Can[/B][COLOR=#000000] is [/COLOR][I]không [/I][COLOR=#000000]thể sử dụng trong những trường hợp như vậy ([/COLOR][I]không nói[/I][COLOR=#000000] 'It can be Tim'). Trong những câu như vậy could có nghĩa gần giống với might[/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]: [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - The phone is ringing. It [/COLOR][B]might[/B][COLOR=#000000] be Tim. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]So sánh [/COLOR][B]could (do)[/B][COLOR=#000000] và [/COLOR][B]could have (done)[/B][COLOR=#000000]: [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - I'm so tired. I [/COLOR][B]could sleep[/B][COLOR=#000000] for a week. ([I]hiện tại[/I][/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- I was so tired. I [/COLOR][B]could have slept[/B][COLOR=#000000] for a week. ([/COLOR][I]past[/I][COLOR=#000000]) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]Rất nhiều khi chúng ta sử dụng [/COLOR][B]could have (done)[/B][COLOR=#000000] để nói về những điều có thể nhưng không xảy ra[/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]: [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You [/COLOR][B]could have stayed[/B][COLOR=#000000] with Barbara. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000](= you had the opportunity to stay with her but you didn't) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he's all right. He's lucky - he [/COLOR][B]could have hurt[/B][COLOR=#000000] himself badly. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000](but he didn't hurt himself) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- The situation was bad but it [/COLOR][B]could have been[/B][COLOR=#000000] worse. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]Đôi khi [/COLOR][B]could[/B][COLOR=#000000] có nghĩa là 'would be able to…': [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - We [/COLOR][B]could go[/B][COLOR=#000000] away if we had enough money. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000](= we would be able to go away) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- I don't know how you work so hard. I [/COLOR][B]couldn't do[/B][COLOR=#000000] it. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] [/COLOR][B]Could have (done)[/B][COLOR=#000000] = would [/COLOR][B]have been[/B][COLOR=#000000] able to (do): [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000] - Why didn't Liz apply for the job? She [/COLOR][B]could have got[/B][COLOR=#000000] it. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- We [/COLOR][B]could have gone[/B][COLOR=#000000] away if we'd had enough money. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- The trip was cancelled last week. Paul [/COLOR][B]couldn't have gone[/B][COLOR=#000000] anyway because he was ill. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000](= he wouldn't have been able to go) [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000]- You did very well to pass the exam. I'm sure I [/COLOR][B]couldn't have passed[/B][COLOR=#000000] it. [/COLOR][COLOR=#000000](= I wouldn't have been able to pass it if I had taken it)[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [/QUOTE]
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Bàn về could (do) và could have (done)
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